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The Solar System Up Close The best way to learn about planets and their moons is to see them up close. Spacecraft allow us to do this. Read pages 409-410. The sun orbits the galaxy once every 200 million years (a galactic year). According to my calculations, the sun is about 4.6 billion years old and will shine for another 5 billion years. Then it will swell to a red giant, lose its outer layers to form a planetary nebula, and end its life as a dwarf star. Inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) all have a “rocky” composition. Outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) are similar because they all have a gaseous composition. Read the planet card on pages 412-415. Answer questions on page 411 #1-7. Mars Colony – Challenges of Space Exploration: Break Earths gravity Keep equipment operating in the extreme environment that is known as space. Transport people safely Environmental hazards o Space is a vacuum o Risk of being hit by debris or meteoroids o No air pressure o Massive temperature variations Psychological - long trips in a confined living space Body and microgravity – gravitational force that act on mass are reduced resulting in: loss of bone mass and density. Heart doesn’t pump as hard to circulate blood, which decreases RBC production. Muscles become weaker. Space suit – self contained system of air, water, heating, cooling, flexible Water – needs to be recycled (can only have a limited supply) Life support – remove carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, filter microorganisms and dust from air. Keep air pressure, temperature and humidity stable. Question: What is the difference between a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse? Can they be predicted? Yes – via observation and mathematics. Read pages 418-419 Page 419 #1-5