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WORLD GEOGRAPY SKILLS HANDBOOK PRE-CP / LEADERSHIP INTRO – WORLD GEOGRAPHY • Geography – the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth. • Absolute Location – the exact place on the earth where a place is located. (ATL - 34° N, 86° W) • Relative Location – describes a place in comparison to other places around it. (ATL is 90 miles north of Macon) INTRO – WORLD GEOGRAPHY • Hemisphere – each half of a globe. • Equator – the imaginary line that divides the northern and southern hemispheres. • Prime Meridian – the imaginary line that divides the eastern and western hemispheres. INTRO – WORLD GEOGRAPHY • Latitude – imaginary set of lines that run parallel to equator. • Longitude – imaginary set of lines that go around the earth intersecting at the poles. INTRO – WORLD GEOGRAPHY • Five Themes of Geography: 1. Location – Where is it? 2. Place – What is it like? 3. Region – How are places similar or different? 4. Movement – How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another? 5. Human-Environment Interaction – How do people relate to the physical world? INTRO – WORLD GEOGRAPHY • Globe – a threedimensional representation of the earth. • Maps – a twodimensional representation of parts of the earth’s surface. • Cartographer – a mapmaker. • Map Projection – a way of drawing the round earth on flat paper. • Topographic Map – is a representation of natural and manmade features on the earth. GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK • Title – this explains the subject of the map. • Legend – this lists and explains the symbols and use of color on a map. GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK • Scale – this shows the ratio between a unit length on map and a unit distance on the earth. • Compass Rose – this shows the four cardinal directionsN,S,E,&W- on a map. GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK • Symbols – these represent such items as capital cities, economic activity, and natural resources on a map. • Labels – words or phrases that explain features on a map. • Colors – represent a variety of information on a map. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY • Continent – landmass above the water on Earth. (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY • Core – center the earth and is made up of iron and nickel. • Mantel – layer surrounding the core. • Magma – molten rock found in the mantel. • Crust – thin layer of rock at the earth’s surface. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY • Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the earth • Lithosphere – the solid rock portion of the earth’s surface. • Hydrosphere – the water elements of the earth. • Biosphere – the part of the earth where plants and animals live. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY • Oceans – the interconnected body of salt water that covers 71% of the earth. (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans)