Download Click here for Unit 1-6 Review.

Unit 1:Geographic Tools
Cartographer-a person who makes maps.
Absolute Location-The exact or precise point where a place
is located on earth.
Relative Location-where a place is located in relation to
another place.
Intermediate Directions- northwest, southwest, northeast,
southeast.
Hemispheres-one-half of the globe; the Equator divides the
Earth into Northern & Southern Hemispheres; the Prime
Meridian divides the Earth into Eastern & Western
Hemispheres.
Unit 1-Geographic Tools
Latitude- imaginary lines that circle the earth parallel
to the equator; also called parallels.
Longitude-imaginary lines that circle the earth parallel
to the prime meridian; also called meridians.
Prime Meridian- the longitude at 0 degrees/passes
through Europe and Africa
Equator-the latitude at 0 degrees.
Continents-one of several very large landmasses on
Earth. They are known as Asia, Europe, North
America, South America, Antarctica, Australia,
Africa.
Know how to find latitude and longitude on a map.
(play the games on my website! Under cool links)
Unit 2 Geographic Features
Non-renewable resource- a resource that takes so long
to form that it can’t be replaced.
Renewable resource-a resource that can be replaced or
can’t be used up.
Peninsula-a body of land surrounded by water on 3
sides.
Mesa- a land formation with a flat area on top and steep
walls –usually occurring in dry areas.
Island- a piece of land that is surrounded by water.
Isthmus-a narrow strip of land that connects two larger
bodies of land.
Unit 2 Geographic Features
Strait-a narrow strip of water that connects two larger
bodies of water.
Basin-A circular or oval valley, or depression of the
surface of the ground, the lowest part of which is
generally occupied by a lake, or traversed by a river.
Delta-a triangular deposit of soil at the mouth of a river.
Tributary-A stream or river that flows into a larger river.
Cape-a pointed piece of land that juts out into a large body
of water.
MR.HELP- The five themes of geography that help us to
answer questions about geography. (Movement, Region,
Human-Environment Interaction, Location, and Place)
Unit 3 -Human Geography
Population Growth = birthrates + deathrates
- if more people are being born than dying the population
will increase.
- if more people are dying than being born the population will
decrease.
Reasons people move from rural to urban areas= for more
opportunities
To explain immigration demographers use- push /pull factors.
Infrastructure-the underlying foundation of societies or basic
framework; things required for a society to function. ex.
Personnel, buildings, and equipment
Institutions-an important practice, relationship, organization, or
structure in a society or culture.
Unit 3 Human Geography
Urbanization-the movement of people towards cities and
the resulting city growth.
Immigration-the act of moving Into a new country in
order to settle there.
Emigration- leaving or Exiting ones country or region to
settle in another.
Migration-movement from place to place.
Overpopulation- an area with an excessive number of
people straining available resources and facilities.
Rural-an area with low population density, such as a
village or the countryside.
Urban-an area with a high population density, a city or a
town.
Unit 4 Government and Citizenship
Preamble- a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's
fundamental purposes / “We the people” shows power given to
the people.
Political Process -A procedure followed to resolve important
issues.
Socialist Society-the basic industries are owned by the
government (govt provides all with healthcare, education,job,
etc.) there are other industries that are private ownership.
Democracy- a government ruled by the people where individual
rights are protected.
Totalitarian-A dictator or a small group of leaders who control
all aspects of people’s lives.
Dictatorship-Rule by an individual (often a tyrant)/no individual
rights exist.
Unit 4 Government and Citizenship
Communist- all economic decisions are made by the central
government.
Civic Participation-being concerned and involved in the
public affairs of a community, state, nation, or world.
Emancipation Proclamation-speech by Abe Lincoln
proclaiming freedom to slaves.
Representative Government-a form of government in
which the citizens elect representatives.
Non-Representative-a form of government in which the
citizens do NOT elect representatives.
July 4th-date the Declaration of Independence was signed.
First 10 amendments are called The Bill of Rights.
Unit 4:Government and Citizenship
3 Branches of US Government- Judicial, Legislative,
Executive
Rights- they are protected by our government .(our
Constitution)
19th Amendment-women given the right to vote.
Promises from our government- that all people have the
right to Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
Unit 5: Economic Geography
Consumer-person or group of people who are the final
users of goods or services.
Producer-a person who makes products that are used
by other people.
Want vs. Need
WANT
-the things that we want, but
they are not necessary for
survival
NEED
-the things we need to
survive (food, water,
clothing, shelter)
Raw Material-a material or resource in its natural state.
Unit 5- Economic Geography
Types of Industries:
PRIMARY
Raw materials
Agriculture
Examples: farming
SECONDARY
Factories
Wholesale
Example: Auto builder
Tertiary
Service (Waitress)
Retail (Stores)
Examples: truck driver, store clerk
QUATERNARY
Technology
Phones, internet, TV
Unit 5: Economic Geography
Natural Resources: Found naturally in the physical
environment (trees, fish)
Labor Resources: The work involved in producing
something (Auto Mechanic)
Capital Resources: The tools we use to help us
produce resources (computers, machines)
Interdependence of nations -- they must trade with
each other to acquire the goods they do not possess.
Unit 6 Culture
Culture-The way of life of a group of people who share
similar customs such as language, religious beliefs, and
values.
Values-the principles and beliefs by which people live.
Cultural Diffusion-The process by which cultural elements
spread from their point of origin to another group or another
society.
Society-A group of people having common traditions,
institutions, and collective activities and interests.
Cultural Traits-The language, religion, beliefs and customs,
institutions, and technologies. The specific things that make
up a culture.
Cultural Region-An area in which people share the same
cultural traits.