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Five Themes of Geography Cornell Notes SSWG1 The student will explain the physical aspects of geography. SSWG2 The student will explain the cultural aspects of geography. • Geography is the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth. • Physical geography includes landforms, bodies of water, climate, soils, vegetation and animal life. • Cultural geography includes traditions, customs, and other aspects of a group of people’s daily lives. • Geographers use maps, charts, graphs, photographs and the 5 themes to describe spaces on Earth • There are 5 themes of geography: – Location – Place – Region – Movement – Human-Environment Interaction • Location E? – “Where is it?” • 2 types of location – Absolute-exact location – Relative-in relation to other things • Absolute location – Uses latitude and longitude – Latitude measured N & S • 0 is the Equator • Max number is 90 – Longitude is measured E & W • 0 is the Prime Meridian • Max number is 180 • Relative Location – Uses landmarks, distances, etc. – Used more often by general population • Place E? – “What is it like?” • Place includes physical and cultural characteristics • Places are set apart from each other by physical features (rivers, climate, etc.) • Place can also be described by ways that people have changed the land (building dams, temples, skyscrapers etc.) • Region E? – “How are places similar and different?” • Defined as an area of the world with similar characteristics • Not limited to political boundaries • 3 main types of regions – Formal-defined by limited characteristics (Southwest Asia, Latin America) – Functional-organized around connections and interactions (Atlanta Metro Area) – Perceptual-defined differently by different people (American Midwest) • Movement E? – “How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?” • Distance – Linear distance-how far across the earth something travels – Time distance-amount of time it takes for something to travel – Psychological distance-how far away we think things are • The theme of movement is closely connected with economics. • Globalization has influenced movement in the 21st century. • Human-Environment Interaction E? – “How do people relate to the physical world?” • To survive, people must use their environment – People sometimes use the environment as is—fishing in a river – People sometimes alter the environment positively—creating a dam to control flooding on a river – People sometimes alter the environment negatively—creating industrial pollution in a river • People also must learn to live with aspects of the environment that don’t change – Climate, soil, etc. • Interaction between people and their environment can shape cultures.