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The Five Themes of Geography Geography is the study of Earth and the ways people use Earth to live and work. There are five themes, or topics, to help people organize ideas as they study geography. Location describes where something can be found. One way to describe a location is to name what something is near. This is called relative location. You can also describe a location by giving an absolute location. One way to describe the absolute location of something is to use an address. Another way to describe the absolute location is by using a grid system made up of lines of latitude and longitude. Lines of latitude run east to west, but measure distances north to south. While lines of Longitude run north to south, but measure distances east to west. Place describes the physical features, natural resources, human features of a location. The physical features of a location are natural features that include the climate, landforms, soil, bodies of water, and plants and animals. The natural resources of a location are the things that occur naturally in the environment undisturbed by humans, such as water, fish, oil, and trees. The human features are those made by people such as population, jobs, language, customs, religion and government. Human/Environment Interaction describes how the environment affects people and how people affect the environment. This theme also describes how people depend upon the environment. For example some people depend on lakes to provide them with drinking water. Human/Environment interaction describes how people adapt to their environment. It also describes how people change the environment to meet their needs and wants. Some changes may be harmful to the environment, for example, clearing land of all trees my cause soil erosion. Other changes people make can be beneficial. Movement describes how and why people, goods, information and ideas move from place to place. Movement is often described in terms of transportation and communication. Highways, railroads, and rivers are examples of transportation networks that move people and goods from place to place. Television, newspapers, and computers are examples of communication tools that move information and ideas from place to place. Regions describe places on Earth with similar features. Physical features, such as landforms, natural resources, or climate can describe a region. The Amazon River basin is a region defined by its physical feature- the Amazon River. Human features such as politics, religion, customs, or language, can also describe a region. Canada is a region described by political divisions called provinces. Regions can be large, such as the Eastern Hemisphere, or small, such as a neighborhood. Adapted from Maps-Globes-Graphs By Steck-Vaughn