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Transcript
Geology and Earth’s Structure • On your foldable underneath each picture of the layer please write the following titles for your notes: – Composition – Thickness – Temperature – State of Matter – Other facts • Leave enough space between each title to write notes!!! A Cross Section of the Earth • Earth is divided into four main layers 1. 2. 3. 4. • … Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner core Similar to the cross section of a hard boiled egg The Crust • State of Matter: SOLID • Outermost layer on which life exists – Composition: Covered in soil, rock (silicates), and water • Thinnest layer – The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple – The crust is thickest under the continents and thinnest under the oceans • Thickness: 5 to 64 kilometers (thinner in the oceans) • Temperature – Varies from air temp on the surface to 870° C in the deepest part of the crust The Crust • OTHER FACTS: • The crust “floats” on the mantle because it is less dense – Think of oil and water • It is broken into sections called tectonic plates – These plates move very slowly • Results in the physical features found on the surface – These plates move because of convection currents The Mantle • State of Matter: Hot but SOLID rock that flows (plastic) – Thickness: Approximately 2850 km thick • Thickest of all Earths layers approximately ~85% of the Earth's volume • Composition: – Composed of minerals rich in Fe, Mg, Si, and O (silicates) • Considered solid but has plasticity – Rock can flow like a thick liquid • Temperature – Varies from 870°Cto 2200 °C The Outer Core • State of Matter: LIQUID • Thickness: Approximately 2270 km thick – Composition: Consists mostly of the liquid metals iron and nickel – 16% of the Earth's total volume • Temperature – Ranges from 2200° C to 4982°C • Flowing iron of outer core produces electric current and creates the Earth’s magnetic field The Inner Core • State of Matter: SOLID • Thickness: Approximately 1216 km thick – Composition: Consists of solid nickel-iron alloy • Temperature – Stays around 4982° C • Pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch – This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!!! – If you were to make it to the center of the Earth you would be squished into the size of a marble How the Earth is Represented Visually