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Science: Constructive and Destructive Forces Vocabulary landforms A natural land shape or feature, such as mountains, plains, or valleys. Examples: Mountains, hills, valleys, plains, canyon sand dune A hill of sand, made and shaped by wind delta An area of new land at the mouth of a river, formed from sediments carried by the river fault A break in the earth’s crust volcano A mountain that forms as molten rock flows through a crack onto the Earth’s surface magma Melted, or molten, rock beneath Earth’s surface lava Molten rock that reaches Earth’s surface earthquake A movement of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust. seismograph A machine that records movement in the Earth’s crust deposition Dropping, or depositing, sediment into a new location erosion The process of moving sediment by wind, moving water, or ice weathering The process of wearing away ROCKS by natural means dams Dams stop the flow of a river levee A wall of earth or concrete built along the banks of a waterway