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Geology Study Guide A. Vocabulary: 1. erosion- removes or relocates Earth’s materials 2. weathering- breaks down Earth’s materials 3. minerals- pure substances found in nature 4. fossils- plant or animal prints found in rock 5. volcano- formed by molten rock pushed to the surface 6. earthquake- pressure inside the Earth causes the crust to move B. Students should be able to answer questions about the following information. Name four things that make up the Earth’s surface: soil, air, water, and rocks. Name two things that make up soil: rocks, minerals, water, decaying plant and animal matter. Name and explain two quick changes to the surface of the Earth. Examples: volcano- molten rock pushed to the surface making a cone or domeshaped hill earthquake- pressure inside the earth causing the crust to move forming cracks or lifting the Earth's crust Name and explain two slow changes to the surface of the Earth. Examples: glacier- a large piece of ice that scrapes the earth and carries rocks erosion- wind, water, or ice moving Earth's materials from one place to another weathering- water or wind breaking down Earth’s materials Name two types of Earth materials and how they are used. Examples: sand is used to make glass, clay is used to make brick, coal is used to make fuel, gold is used for jewelry, oil is used to make plastics Name three ways to sort a rock: weight, size, shape, color, texture