Download Constructive and Destructive Forces Notes and Activities

Constructive and
Destructive Forces
Warm Up:
Why should we worry about Yellowstone?
Justify your Answer.
CW:
1) Warm Up
2) Constructive and
Destructive
Forces Notes
HW:
1) None
What's the earth made of?
 Pangaea
 Plate tectonics
 Layers of the earth
What's the earth made of?
 Pangaea is
Pangea - Super Continent –
What is causing the super continent to break apart?
What's the earth made of?
 Plate tectonics are
 plate tectonics
 What is causing the continent to break apart?
 Where is the force coming from?
 Is this force constructive or destructive or both?
What's the earth made of?
 Layers of the earth
 layers of the earth rap ( unofficial music video) – YouTube
 Layers of the Earth
 Inner Core
 Outer Core
 Mantle
 Crust
How does the force within the
earth affect the outside of the
earth?
Hot Spots
 Hotspots were thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle
convecting up from the mantle-core.
 Hotspot can burn through all of the layers of the crust and cool to form
an intrusion, or stop before it makes it all of the way to the surface.
Faulting
 A fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a
shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust, in which
adjacent surfaces are displaced relative to one another and
parallel to the plane of fracture.
 Faults cause Earthquakes.
Faulting
Faulting
Folding
 A fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat
sedimentary layers are bent or curved as a result of a
permanent deformation.
 Folds in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to
mountain-sized folds.
 Folds form under varied conditions of stress, hydrostatic
pressure, pore pressure, and temperature gradient.
Folding
Folding
Exit Ticket
 What did you learn today?
Convection
Current Demos
CW:
1) Warm Up
2) Convection
Current Demos
Warm Up:
What are some ways the crusts
layers can change or be altered?
HW:
1) None
Are all the layers of Earth solid? Justify your answer
with details from your notes and textbook.
Convection Current POE
Predict
Observe
Explain
Lava Lamp
Before
After
Convection Bottles
Before
After
Explain what is happening in this
video:
Questions:
O Connect the P.O.E. and video to the core and
mantle.
O Why does the lava lamp and the convection bottles
do what it does?
O How do you think the hot core affects the mantle?
O What about the two parts of the core?
O How does the POE relate to what happens in the
earth?
O Finish Lab Write up From yesterday. (Surface
Area Lab)
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary
of what you learned today.
Constructive and
Destructive Forces
Warm Up:
Does the Earth look the same now as it did when it
first came into existence? Justify your answer.
CW:
1) Warm Up
2) Constructive and
Destructive
Forces Notes
HW:
1) None
What does constructive forces
mean?
What does destructive forces
mean?
True or False: The Earth’s surface
has stayed the same for thousands
of years
True or False: The Earth’s surface has
stayed the same for thousands of years
The Earth’s surface is always
changing!
What do weathering and erosion
mean?
 On the next slide you are going to see two words. The
animations of these words explain what they mean.
 As you watch this animation, write down what you think
Weathering and Erosion might mean based on what you
see.
Weathering
The breaking down of materials in the Earth’s crust into
smaller pieces.
Water causes weathering
What evidence of
weathering do you see in
this picture?
Wind causes weathering
Why wasn’t this mass of
land weathered away?
What evidence of
weathering do you see in
this picture?
Ice causes weathering
Describe how ice causes
weathering?
Plants CAN CAUSE weathering
There are 4 factors that effect the rate of weathering:
1. Surface Area (exposure) - Exposing more surface area will increase the rate of
weathering.
2. Particle Size – Larger particles weather slower and smaller particles weather at a
faster rate.
3. Chemical Composition (what a rock is made of) – Certain rocks and minerals are
naturally weaker than others, while others are more resistant (stronger).
4. Climate – Warmer, moister climates have the most weathering. Heat & Water speed
up all chemical reactions. This is the most important factor in weathering.
1. Chemical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by
chemical action. The rocks breaks down at the same time as it changes chemical
composition. The end result is different from the original rock. There are 3 types of
chemical weathering:
1. Oxidation – oxygen combines with the elements in the rock and it reacts. This the
scientific name for rust.
2. Hydration – water can dissolve away many earth materials,
including certain rocks.
3. Carbonation – carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. This
makes acid rain which chemically weathers (dissolves) rocks. Other acids also
combine with water to make acid rain.
Mrs. Degl
38
There are two primary types of weathering:
Chemical and Physical
2. Physical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces
without a change in chemical composition.
Root/Plant Wedging/Action
Ice/Frost Wedging/Action
Exfoliation and Abrasion are also types of physical weathering.
Mrs. Degl
39
Erosion
The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves
fragments of rock and soil.
What evidence of erosion
do you see in this picture?
Erosion is Movement of Sediment!
 This process, known as
Erosion, is gradually
wearing down the surface
of the earth.
 Erosion is the process by
which weathered rock and
soil (sediment) are
moved from one place to
another.
 Erosion carves the
Earth's surface creating
canyons, gorges, and even
beaches.
What do you think has caused this
rock to look this way?
Wind Erosion
 As the wind blows it picks up
small particles of
sand/sediment and blasts
large rocks with the abrasive
particles, cutting and shaping
the rock.
 The intensity of wind erosion
is determined by:
 Sum (amount)
 Speed
 Slope
 Surface
Wind Erosion
Water Causes Erosion
 runoff, rivers and, streams
Water causes Erosion
When rain falls to the Earth it
can evaporate, sink into
the ground, or flow over
the land as Runoff.
When it flows over land,
erosion occurs.
Runoff picks up pieces of
rock and "runs" downhill
cutting tiny grooves
(called rills) into the land.
Water causes Erosion
How much erosion takes
place is determined by
the:
 Sum (amount)
 Slope
 Speed
 Surface
Can you act increasing
and decreasing the four
S’s?
Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers wear down the
landscape; by picking up and
carrying debris that moves
across the land along with the
ice.
Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers can pick up and carry sediment that ranges in size from
sand grains to boulders bigger than houses.
Moving like a conveyor belt and a bulldozer, a single glacier
can move millions of tons of material!
Ice Causes Erosion
How much erosion
takes place is
determined by
the:
 **Sum (Glaciers are massive!)
 Slope
 Speed
 Surface
Gravity causes erosion
Creep, Slump, Landslides, Mudslides, and Avalanches.
Slower
Faster
These are examples of mass movementlandslide clip.mpeg
(or called mass wasting)
Gravity causes Erosion
How much erosion takes
place is determined by
the:
 Sum
 **Slope
 Speed
 **Surface
Plants CAN PREVENT erosion
Deposition
Rock particles that are picked up and transported during erosion
will ultimately be deposited somewhere else
Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of
rock) are laid down in new locations.
 Together, Erosion and Deposition build new landforms.
 Deltas
 Canyons
 Meanders
 Floodplains
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary
of what you learned today.
Rate of
Weathering Lab
CW:
1) Warm Up
2) Rate of
Weathering Lab
Warm Up:
What are the forces that cause the Earth to
change?
HW:
1) None
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary
of what you learned today.
Constructive vs
Destructive
Foces Project
Warm Up:
What do you think soil and sand are
made up of?
CW:
1) Warm Up
2) Constructive vs
Destructive Foces
Project
HW:
1) None
Exit Ticket
On your Daily Catch, write a summary
of what you learned today.