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States of Matter – - - Shape / Shape / Shape / Volume Volume Volume - Heated Gas / Charged Particles Force is a or a the object’s on an object that can , and The of gravity is the force with which the Earth, Moon, or other massively large objects another toward itself If you drop an egg from the roof, gravity is what pulls it down toward the ground. Motion The in an objects position Rollerblade BREAK Friction Friction is the the relative motion of solid surfaces and fluid layers. the motion down! Types of Light Energy Mechanical Energy (MOTION) Sound Energy Heat / Thermal Energy Magnetism The and between a magnet and a “ material Magnetic Material Iron! force ” Measuring Temperature A THERMOMETER measures TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit (USA) **32 degree freezing point Celcius (most of the world) **0 degree freezing point Volume is the amount of by matter Measuring Liquids Liters Measuring Mass (in everyday language) Gram Cubes BALANCE SCALE Measuring Length / Distance Rulers – (US) Rulers- Most of the World: MM, CM (tip of pencil), (US) // (finger tip) (Most of World) Mixtures A of 2 or more substances that Easy to separate– Rice and Paperclips Hard to separate – Salt Water (Water will evaporate leaving the salt) Engineering Process Simple Machines Food Chains The food chain starts with PRODUCES (grass) and works its way up to CONSUMERS (animals) who eat their PREY. Consumers die, DECOMPOSE, and the process starts again. Food Chains (cont.) What would happen if one piece of the food chain was removed? If the mouse was removed, then the Grasshopper population would increase, And the snake population would decrease. Food WEB Interconnected Food Chains The Water Cycle Landforms – Earth’s Surface Fast Changes Tornados Hurricanes / Tropical Storms fff Earthquake Volcanoes Fast Changes Landslides Tsunamis Slow Changes Weathering When weathering is occurring, Earth materials , for example rocks are being broken apart. Little or big cracks in the rock are evidence that weathering is taking place. Erosion When erosion is occurring, Earth materials, like rock, sand, and soil are being carried away from their original location. Water and wind are often the causes for erosion. Deposition When deposition is occurring, Earth materials that have been eroded are put in a new location. When the wind stops blowing, sand and soil may be put down in piles as large as dunes. Water may deposit its material at the end of a river and form a delta. Our Solar System Our sun is a medium sized star. 8 Planets (poor Pluto is no longer a “planet”) We live in a spiral galaxy called The Milky Way Galaxy Energy Sources