Download Passer domesticus

I. Classification History
A. Classification-grouping of objects or info
based on similarities
Classification of an ant
B. Taxonomy-branch of biology concerned
with grouping & naming organisms
C. Aristotle's system (Greek philosopher
384-322 B.C.)
1. first system of classification
2. two categories:
Plants
herbs
Trees
Shrubs
Animals
OR
Land
Air
Water
3. Did not work!
Frogs
Water
Land
Air
Bats
Insects
Birds
D. Carolus Linnaeus
1. selected physical & structural
characteristics that led to
classification based on close
relationships among organisms
2. Developed binomial nomenclaturetwo word naming system.
a. genus-closely related species
b. species-description of that
individual organism
3. Scientific names:
a. Latin (dead language)
b. Ex. Passer domesticus
c. Ex. Homo sapiens
(intelligence, wise)
E. Taxonomy- provides a framework of
logic & order so that relationships
among living things can be seen easily
*Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried
Green Spinach.
*King Phillip Cut Open Five
Green Snakes.
II. How living things are classified
A. Organisms are grouped into a series
of categories called Taxa
- Organisms are grouped on their
characters (inherited features)
B.
C. Relationship determination
1. structural similarities
2. breeding behaviors
3. geographical distribution
4. chromosome comparisons
5. biochemistry
D. Molecular Clocks:
- compare DNA samples from 2 different
species to estimate how long the species have
been evolving since they diverged from a
common ancestor
F. Cladistics- biological system of
classification that is based on
phylogeny (evolutionary history)
1. Cladogram –an organized diagram
with branches that represent the
proposed phylogeny
2. Similar to pedigrees showing
ancestory
G. Fanlike model- communicates
the organisms became extinct
or the relative number of
species in a group
III. Taxonomists place an organism into one of
the following kingdoms
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
A. Archaebacteria
1. Live in the
2. O free environments (most)
²
B. Eubacteria
1. live in most habitats-except
archaebacteria habitats
²
2. most need O environments
3. less complex genetic makeup than
archaebacteria or eukaryotes
4. microscopic- unicellular
5. reproduce asexually
6. more than 10,000 species
Anabaena
B
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e
g
r
e
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Bacteria:
Nostoc
C. Protista
1.eukaryotes
2.uni- & multicellular
3. aquatic or moist habitats
4. ingestion-absorption-or
photosynthesis
5. reproduce sexually or asexually
6. 90,000-200,000 species
D. Fungi
a. unicellular or multicellular
eukaryotic organisms
b. heterotrophic decomposers
(absorption)
c. most are terrestrial
d. reproduce sexually or asexually
e. 100,000 species
E. Plantae
a. consist of plants
b. multicellular
c. cellulose cell walls
d. tissues organized into organs &
organ systems
e. autotrophic
f. most are terrestrial
g. reproduce sexually & asexually
h. more than ½
million species
F. Animalia
a. eukaryotic
b. multicellular
c. heterotrophic
d. tissues organized into organs & organ systems
e. terrestrial & aquatic
f. most reproduce sexually; a few asexually
g. more than a million species
h. great species diversity
Dichotomous Key
• A step-by-step way to identify an organism
using a series of paired descriptions.
Example)
MONEY TAXONOMIC KEY
1 A. Metal....................................................go to 2
1 B. Paper....................................................go to 5
2 A. Brown (copper)......................................penny
2 B. Silver....................................................go to 3
3 A. Smooth edge.........................................nickel.
3 B. Ridges around the edge.........................go to 4
4 A. Torch on back..........................................dime
4 B. Eagle on back.......................................quarter
5 A. Number 1 in the corners........................$1 bill
5 B. Number 2 in the corners.........................$2 bill
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