Download Classification Questions 18.1 - Belle Vernon Area School District

Please organize the following into
groups based on what they have in
common
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Cassette tape
Newspaper
Floppy disk
Text book
Multimedia card
Blank CD
Music CD
Dictionary
Hard drive
10. Eight track tape
11. Record
12. IPod
13. Blank DVD
14. Encyclopedia
15. Internet
16. School Bulletin
Classification
I History of Taxonomy
A. Science of grouping organisms according
to their presumed natural relationships.
 Started more than 2000 years ago with
Aristotle classified things either as
plant of animal.
 Worked until the 18th century. Did not
accommodate all the variations of living
organisms.
 Used common names (robin or fir
tree). May not describe the organisms
accurately (Jellyfish)
B. Binomial Nomenclature
 Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) developed a system of grouping
organisms into a hierarchical categories.
 Two names for all living organisms (scientific names)
 Levels of Classification
 Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Species
Genus,
Levels of Classification
Review
 List
the levels of classifications from
largest to smallest.
 How
long ago did classification start of
living things?
 Who
is the father of classification?
II Modern Taxonomy
A. Evidence Used in
Classification
Comparative
morphology (Similarities
in structures).
Dichotomous Key
specialized book that is
used to aid in identification.
Embryology (wings of a
birds & insect, different
tissues in each embryo) &
Chromosomes (determine
how closely related two
organisms are).
.
B. Inferring
Phylogeny
Infer the
probable
relationships
among species
Cladogram
Review
 Why
don’t we use common names to
scientifically describe an organism?
 What
is the purpose of a phylogenic tree
or cladiogram?
Cladogram
Cladogram
Cladogram
Cladogram
Cladogram
III Six Kingdom
System
A. Archae – Harsh
Environments
B. Eubacteria
 Prokaryotic organisms.
Lack a nuclei & other membrane bond
organelles.
 Live in all environments
 Absorb nutrients or autotrophs
 5,000 identified species, but have the greatest
population of species (Bacteria).
 Unicellular
C. Protista
 Eukaryotic organisms.
Have a nucleus & other
membrane bond
organelles.
 Unicellular or multicellular.
 Live in aquatic environments.
 Reproduce sexually or
asexually.
 50,000 species (Algae &
Protozoa).
 Some are autotroph &
heterotrophs.
 Multicellular
D. Fungi
 Eukaryotic organisms.
 Absorb nutrients.
 Terrestrial.
 Reproduce sexually or asexually.
 100,000 species (mushrooms,
puffballs, & bread molds).
 Multicellular.
E. Plantae
 Eukaryotic organisms
 Autotrophs.
 Most are terrestrial.
 Reproduce sexually or asexually.
 Multicellular.
 350,000 species (mosses, ferns, conifers,
& flowering plants).
 Multicellular.
F. Animalia
 Eukaryotic organisms.
 Heterotrophs.
 Multicellular.
 Reproduce sexually or asexually.
 Terrestrial & aquatic
 More than a million ( spiders to
whales).