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HMD Ch 8 Biology Review
DNA, RNA, Proteins
Holt McDougal Biology
Question 1
• 1a. Making a copy of
DNA is called
__________________.
• 1b) Which nitrogen
base isn’t used during
this process because it’s
only in RNA not in DNA?
• ____________
Answer 1
• 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called
Replication
• 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this
process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA?
• Uracil
Q2
• Name the enzyme you
learned about that adds
the complementary
nucleotides and spell
checks in the picture of
DNA Replication.
• ___________________
•
.
A2
• Name the enzyme you learned about that
adds the complementary nucleotides and
spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication.
• DNA Polymerase
•
Q3
This process of making an
RNA message (mRNA) from the
DNA code is called _____________________________
A3
• This process of making an
RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code
is called Transcription
Q4
Which kind of RNA has an
ANTICODON region and
carries the amino acids to the
ribosome?
A4
• Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region
and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Q5
• Tell at least 2 ways RNA is different from DNA.
A5
RNA
DNA
Sugar = ribose
Sugar = deoxyribose
Single-stranded
Double-stranded
Contains Uracil
Contains Thymine
Q6
• What do we call the small pieces of DNA that
are edited out of the mRNA message before it
is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as
getting in the way, so they are removed).
•
•
A6
• 15. What do we call the small pieces of DNA
that are edited out of the mRNA message
before it is expressed? (you can think of these
pieces as getting in the way, so they are
removed).
• INTRONS
Q7
• When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs
with _______________________.
A7
• When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs
with GUANINE.
Q8
– Using an RNA message to make a protein is called
______________.
A8
• Using an RNA message to make a protein is called
Translation
Q9
• 9 . Name this subunit
used to build DNA and
RNA.
A9
• 19. Name this subunit used to build DNA and
RNA.
• NUCLEOTIDE
Q 10
• Give the complementary DNA strand.
•
•
ATTGCCAGC
A 10
• Give the complementary DNA strand.
•
•
ATT GCC AGC
T A A C G G T C G
Q 11
An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey
and Martha Chase using a blender &
bacteriophages showed that
• A. pneumonia kills mice
• B. Proteins carry the genetic code
• C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria
• D. DNA carries the genetic code
A 11
An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and
Martha Chase using a blender &
bacteriophages showed that
• A. pneumonia kills mice
• B. Proteins carry the genetic code
• C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria
• D. DNA carries the genetic code
Q 12
• 12) The process in which one bacteria is
changed by the transfer of genetic material
from another bacteria is called
• _________________.
A 12
• 12) The process in which one bacteria is
changed by the transfer of genetic material
from another bacteria is called
• Transformation
Q 13
• Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded
and contains deoxyribose sugar.
A 13
• Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded
and contains deoxyribose sugar
• DNA
Q 14
• Name this kind of
mutation
A 14
• Name this kind of
mutation
• INVERSION
Q 15
• 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of
DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick
to figure out the structure of DNA.
•
•
A 15
• 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of
DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick
to figure out the structure of DNA.
• Rosalind Franklin
•
Q 16
What is a bacteriophage?
A) Virus that infects bacteria
B) Bacteria that infects viruses
C) Virus that infects humans
A 16
What is a bacteriophage?
A) Virus that infects bacteria
B) Bacteria that infects viruses
C) Virus that infects humans
Q 17
17) It has been discovered that __________is
the genetic material.
A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA
A 17
17) It has been discovered that __________is
the genetic material.
A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA
Q 18
Name the 5-carbon sugar in DNA.
A 18
The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose
Q 19
19) Name the 5-carbon sugar in RNA
A 19
• 19) the 5-carbon sugar in RNA is RIBOSE
Q 20
• 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or
speed up DNA replication?
A 20
• 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or
speed up DNA replication?
• SPEED UP
Q 21
• List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
A 21
•
•
•
•
List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
sugar,
Phosphate group,
Nitrogen base
Q 22
• 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic
material can be transferred between dead &
live bacteria?
• A) Griffith
• B) Avery
• C) Hershy & Chase
• D) Watson & Crick
•
A 22
• 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic
material can be transferred between dead &
live bacteria?
• A) Griffith
• B) Avery
• C) Hershy & Chase
• D) Watson & Crick
Q 23
•T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that
Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying
enzymes.
A 23
•T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that
Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying
enzymes.
TRUE
Q 24
• Which scientists did research w/
bacteriophages & a blender?
• A) Watson & Crick
• B) Hershey & Chase
• C) Griffith & Avery
A 24
• Which scientists did research w/
bacteriophages & a blender?
• A) Watson & Crick
• B) Hershey & Chase
• C) Griffith & Avery
Q 25
• Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed
without question that ________ stores
genetic information in cells.
• A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids
A 25
• Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed
without question that ________ stores
genetic information in cells.
• A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids
Q 26
The amount of thymine in DNA always equals
the amount of ______________.
A 26
The amount of thymine in DNA always equals
the amount of ADENINE
Q 27
• 27) Draw a picture of what a DNA molecule
looks like or describe the shape in words.
A 27
• DNA looks like a double helix or twisted
ladder.
Q 28
• What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed
DNA template bases?
• A) DNA mutagenase
• B) DNA Helicase
• C) DNA Polymerase
• D) DNA nuclease
A 28
• What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed
DNA template bases?
• A) DNA mutagenase
• B) DNA Helicase
• C) DNA Polymerase
• D) DNA nuclease
Q 29
• 29) Because of base pairing rules, the % of
thymine in DNA is approximately equal to the
% of _______________.
• A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Guanine D) cystine
A 29
• 29) Because of base pairing rules, the % of
thymine in DNA is approximately equal to the
% of _______________.
• A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Guanine D) cystine
Q 30
• 30) T or F: “DNA replication results in 2 DNA
molecules each w/ one new strand & one
original strand, so it’s called semiconservative
replication.”
• .
A 30
• 30) T or F: “DNA replication results in 2 DNA
molecules each w/ one new strand & one
original strand, so it’s called semiconservative
replication.”
• TRUE
• .
Q31
• 31) What base does RNA have instead of
Thymine? _____________________
A 31
• 31) What base does RNA have instead of
Thymine? URACIL
Q 32
• 32) Messenger RNA is transcribed from
__________________ during Transcription.
• A) tRNA B) rRNA C) DNA
D) Proteins
A 32
• 32) Messenger RNA is transcribed from
__________________ during Transcription.
• A) tRNA B) rRNA C) DNA
D) Proteins
Q 33
• 33) During ______________________ the cell
uses mRNA to make protiens.
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Transformation
D) Replication
E) Duplication
A 33
• (33) During ______________________ the
cell uses mRNA to make protiens.
•
•
•
•
•
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Transformation
D) Replication
E) Duplication
Q 34
T or F: The correct transfer of information in most
organisms is from DNA to RNA to Protein.
A 34
T or F: The correct transfer of information in most
organisms is from DNA to RNA to Protein.
TRUE
Q 35
• When a chromosome undergoes a
____________ mutation, information is lost.
• A) Inversion B) Deletion C) Duplication
A 35
• When a chromosome undergoes a
____________ mutation, information is lost.
• A) Inversion B) Deletion C) Duplication
Q 36
• 36) List the 3 types of RNA (give words and
abbreviation)
A 36
• 36) List the 3 types of RNA (give words and
abbreviation)
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Q 37
• 37) T or F: “cells must control gene expression
so their genes will only be expressed when
needed.”
A 37
• 37) T or F: “cells must control gene expression
so their genes will only be expressed when
needed.”
• TRUE
Q 38
• 38) A _______________________protein
blocks movement of RNA Polymerase.
•
•
•
•
•
A) RNA helicase
B) Repressor
C) RNA Blockage
D) Promotor
A 38
• A REPRESSOR protein blocks movement of
RNA polymerase.
• A) RNA helicase
• B) Repressor
• C) RNA Blockage
• D) Promotor