Download Travel to Haiti 2013

Travel to Haiti
Julia Jewett, RN, BScN
Carol Lynn Raithby, RN, BScN
Port au Prince, Haiti
Travel Assessment
•
•
•
•
Destination
Detailed Itinerary
Accommodations
Activities
Malaria
• A disease caused by a parasite that is
spread by the bite of an infected female
mosquito
• These mosquitoes bite at night: dusk-dawn
• Symptoms from 6 days later to several
months
• Symptoms include fever, chills, headache,
muscle aches, fatigue, V & D, jaundice
Malaria in Asia
World Health Organization
• Malaria: Malaria risk due exclusively to P.
falciparum exists throughout the year in the
whole country. No P. falciparum resistance to
chloroquine reported.
• Recommended prevention: Mosquito bite
prevention plus chloroquine prophylaxis or
Mosquito bite prevention plus atovaquone–
proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine.
Malaria Prevention
Travelers to malaria-endemic areas need
to be:
– Aware of risk of malaria and understand it
is a serious potentially fatal illness
– Know how to best prevent it with insect
precautions and oral prophylaxis
– Seek medical attention urgently should
they develop a fever during or after travel
Prevent Mosquito Bites
• Insect Repellant with 30% DEET
Reapply at least every 4-6 hours
• Appropriate clothing – light colors,
long pants & sleeves
• Screens & Bed Nets
• Avoid Scented Products
Dengue
• Viral Infection from Aedes Mosquito
• More than 100 Million cases annually
• Urban & Rural risk in 100 countries
• Mosquito Precautions
Routine Immunizations
• Tdap
• MMR
• Influenza
Travel Vaccines for Haiti
•
•
•
•
Hepatitis A & B
Typhoid
Dukoral
Rabies - for
prolonged visits
Hepatitis A
• A viral illness that infects your Liver
• Symptoms @ least 2 weeks later
• Causes fever, fatigue, weight loss, N & V,
abdominal pain, jaundice
• Spread by fecal-oral route from direct
contact or from contaminated food &
water
• Recommended for all Travelers
• 1 dose of vaccine before travel
Hepatitis B
• A viral illness that infects your Liver
• Spread through exposure to Blood &
Body Fluids
• Spread through unscreened Blood and
contaminated Medical & Dental
Equipment
Typhoid
• A type of Salmonella bacteria
• Acquired through poor sanitation,
contaminated food and water supplies,
and direct contact with an infectious
person
• Causes fever, headache, weakness,
muscle & joint pain, may have a rash
with pink spots
• Vaccine - protection develops in 2 weeks
and lasts for 2-3 years
“Travel expands the
mind…..but loosens
the bowels”
Travelers’ Diarrhea
• Most common travel-related
health problem; affects about 50%
• Bacteria are most common cause
of TD
• E. coli is the most common
Bacteria
• Viruses and Parasites can also
cause TD
Dukoral
• Oral, Inactivated Travelers’
Diarrhea and Cholera Vaccine
• Provides protection against E.
coli(ETEC) & V. cholera
• 2 doses of liquid vaccine - 1 week
apart
PHAC
Cholera in Mexico, Cuba, Dominican
Republic and Haiti
Updated: September 27, 2013
Travel Health Notice
Since the beginning of the cholera epidemic in October
2010, the Dominican Republic and Haiti have reported
thousands of cholera cases and related deaths. Cases of
cholera decreased in 2013 compared to 2012, although
they continue to be reported throughout both countries.
There have been increases in the number of cases during
seasonal heavy rainfall in the months of May to July and
September to October.
Prevention of Travelers’
Diarrhea
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“Boil it, Cook it, Peel it, or Forget it!”
Treated Water or Bottled Water
Well-cooked meals, served hot
Pasteurized dairy products
Avoid salads and uncooked foods
Avoid Street Vendors
Careful Brushing Teeth
Prevention of Travelers’
Diarrhea
•
•
•
•
Hand Washing - Alcohol Hand
Sanitizers
Managing Travelers’ Diarrhea
Drink lots of fluids to stay hydrated
Medications to slow diarrhea
Prescription – review pharmacy
information
Injury and Crime
Avoidance
• Road Safety
• Seat belts
• Crime activity
• Money/Valuables
• Scan & Copy
Documents
Other Travel Tips….
•
•
•
•
•
Sun Safety
Medical Kit
Excellent Footwear
Appropriate Clothing
Travel Light
“If you look like your
passport picture,
you’re too ill to travel.”
Author Unknown
Thank-you!!