Mechanistic modelling of the links between
... Malaria transmission in West Africa is closely tied to climate, as rain fed water pools provide breeding habitat for the anopheles mosquito vector, and temperature affects the mosquito’s ability to spread disease. This thesis presents a framework of highly detailed, spatially explicit mechanistic mo ...
... Malaria transmission in West Africa is closely tied to climate, as rain fed water pools provide breeding habitat for the anopheles mosquito vector, and temperature affects the mosquito’s ability to spread disease. This thesis presents a framework of highly detailed, spatially explicit mechanistic mo ...
BVGH - Who We Are - BIO Ventures for Global Health
... Upon taking a blood meal, an infected mosquito injects sporozoite (pre-erythrocytic) stage parasites into the blood stream of the human host. These parasites travel through the body to the liver where they replicate without causing symptoms. After 7-14 days, the parasites burst out of the infected l ...
... Upon taking a blood meal, an infected mosquito injects sporozoite (pre-erythrocytic) stage parasites into the blood stream of the human host. These parasites travel through the body to the liver where they replicate without causing symptoms. After 7-14 days, the parasites burst out of the infected l ...
Communicable Diseases
... contribution to the burden of disease, disability and death in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. The emergence of HIV/AIDS as a global pandemic, the resurgence of tuberculosis co-infection with HIV, and the rapid spread of fatal outbreaks of influenza, have also brought communicable di ...
... contribution to the burden of disease, disability and death in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. The emergence of HIV/AIDS as a global pandemic, the resurgence of tuberculosis co-infection with HIV, and the rapid spread of fatal outbreaks of influenza, have also brought communicable di ...
Word file
... changes in climatic conditions. From the results of most predictive model studies, there is medium to high confidencea that, under climate change scenarios, there would be a net increase in the geographic range of potential transmission of malaria and dengue-two vector-borne infections each of which ...
... changes in climatic conditions. From the results of most predictive model studies, there is medium to high confidencea that, under climate change scenarios, there would be a net increase in the geographic range of potential transmission of malaria and dengue-two vector-borne infections each of which ...
ICOPA.Prog
... K Calman, Chancellor University of Glasgow The Lord Provost of the City of Glasgow K. Vickerman, President of Congress Lord R May, Plenary Speaker. Parasites, People And Policy. ...
... K Calman, Chancellor University of Glasgow The Lord Provost of the City of Glasgow K. Vickerman, President of Congress Lord R May, Plenary Speaker. Parasites, People And Policy. ...
The Possible Selection of the Sickle Cell Trait in Early
... endemic disease. With the help of new procedures in molecular biology and genetics, we have furthered our understanding of many of the Plasmodium species, their life cycle, and both natural and synthetic forms of resistance against the parasite. In order to study or hypothesize about forms of resis ...
... endemic disease. With the help of new procedures in molecular biology and genetics, we have furthered our understanding of many of the Plasmodium species, their life cycle, and both natural and synthetic forms of resistance against the parasite. In order to study or hypothesize about forms of resis ...
... interactions with Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) polymorphisms in individuals residing where malaria is endemic. Our data indicate that the frequency of FcγRIIa-R/R131 genotype was significantly higher in Sudanese patients with severe malaria when compared to patients with mild malaria, while the F ...
Molecular Evidence of Plasmodium vivax Mono and Mixed
... total global malaria death incidences [1]. Apart from global effort to control malaria, this disease remains as a frontline infectious disease in Africa and in other malaria endemic regions of the globe. Relief and management of malaria majorly rely on treatment of infected patients by chemotherapy. ...
... total global malaria death incidences [1]. Apart from global effort to control malaria, this disease remains as a frontline infectious disease in Africa and in other malaria endemic regions of the globe. Relief and management of malaria majorly rely on treatment of infected patients by chemotherapy. ...
... settings, and although high cure rates have been reported in several studies [4,5], some studies have reported low efficacy rates [6-11]. It has been suggested that the reduced efficacy observed with AS-AQ in some trials is due to amodiaquine resistance selected by prior use of AQ monotherapy, mainl ...
Review of Cases With the Emerging Fifth Human Malaria Parasite
... At least 26 Plasmodium species are known to infect primates, yet natural transmission of a nonhuman Plasmodium species to humans is rare. The host specificity has been shown to be surprisingly strict: eg, Plasmodium reichenowi causing malaria in chimpanzees fails to infect humans [6]. Similarly, P. ...
... At least 26 Plasmodium species are known to infect primates, yet natural transmission of a nonhuman Plasmodium species to humans is rare. The host specificity has been shown to be surprisingly strict: eg, Plasmodium reichenowi causing malaria in chimpanzees fails to infect humans [6]. Similarly, P. ...
Spatial Heterogeneity, Host Movement and Mosquito
... some patches may have environmental conditions that promote disease transmission and persistence (i.e., hotspots), while other patches may not be able to sustain the disease without immigration of infectious hosts from hotspots [32]. Control strategies often focus on decreasing vectorial capacity in ...
... some patches may have environmental conditions that promote disease transmission and persistence (i.e., hotspots), while other patches may not be able to sustain the disease without immigration of infectious hosts from hotspots [32]. Control strategies often focus on decreasing vectorial capacity in ...
Virulence in malaria: an evolutionary viewpoint
... 3. PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI AS A MODEL FOR VIRULENCE EVOLUTION All Plasmodium species have an asexual haploid life stage that replicates rapidly in the red blood cells of their vertebrate host, thereby causing anaemia and other general pathology. These asexual stages occasionally produce sexual stages (g ...
... 3. PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI AS A MODEL FOR VIRULENCE EVOLUTION All Plasmodium species have an asexual haploid life stage that replicates rapidly in the red blood cells of their vertebrate host, thereby causing anaemia and other general pathology. These asexual stages occasionally produce sexual stages (g ...
Fever of unknown origin in returning travellers
... falciparum malaria was more frequently observed in patients coming back from Sub-Saharan Africa and Indian Ocean Islands while Plasmodium vivax malaria was more frequent in travellers from Oceania, Indian Ocean Islands and South America. Travellers returning from South-East Asia were commonly diagno ...
... falciparum malaria was more frequently observed in patients coming back from Sub-Saharan Africa and Indian Ocean Islands while Plasmodium vivax malaria was more frequent in travellers from Oceania, Indian Ocean Islands and South America. Travellers returning from South-East Asia were commonly diagno ...
Global Stability for the Disease Free Equilibrium of a Delayed Model
... Mathematics Subject Classification: 34K20, 92B05 Keywords: Global asymptotic stability, Lyapunov function, Time delay, Malaria transmission ...
... Mathematics Subject Classification: 34K20, 92B05 Keywords: Global asymptotic stability, Lyapunov function, Time delay, Malaria transmission ...
march_15_2006_7.27_l..
... mosquito. They migrate anteriorly to the salivary glands, where they penetrate the basement membrane, pass through the cells and accumulate in the salivary ducts. The cycle is completed when the mosquito bites a susceptible host. ...
... mosquito. They migrate anteriorly to the salivary glands, where they penetrate the basement membrane, pass through the cells and accumulate in the salivary ducts. The cycle is completed when the mosquito bites a susceptible host. ...
Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Doctoral thesis
... The relatively lower susceptibility to malaria seen in the Fulani ethnic group in Africa, as compared to other sympatric ethnic groups, has been related to genetic regulation of the immune responses. This thesis aimed to describe important pathways related to the regulation of antibodies in the comp ...
... The relatively lower susceptibility to malaria seen in the Fulani ethnic group in Africa, as compared to other sympatric ethnic groups, has been related to genetic regulation of the immune responses. This thesis aimed to describe important pathways related to the regulation of antibodies in the comp ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... suppression of parasitemia which is almost similar to the percentage suppression showed by the standard drug (70%). This is in agreement with the work of Abosi and Raseroka (2003), who earlier recorded 67% parasitemia suppression in an in vivo antimalarial activity test of the plant against resistan ...
... suppression of parasitemia which is almost similar to the percentage suppression showed by the standard drug (70%). This is in agreement with the work of Abosi and Raseroka (2003), who earlier recorded 67% parasitemia suppression in an in vivo antimalarial activity test of the plant against resistan ...
Adherence to malaria prophylaxis among Peace Corps Volunteers
... KEYWORDS Malaria prevention; Malaria in long-term travelers; Malaria chemoprophylaxis ...
... KEYWORDS Malaria prevention; Malaria in long-term travelers; Malaria chemoprophylaxis ...
... Some genetic disorders in erythrocytes have been shown to confer protection against malaria. Inter-ethnic differences in malaria susceptibility offer an approach to identify genes involved in immunity to malaria. The Fulani ethnic group, living in several African countries, has been shown to be more ...
Surveillance-response systems: the key to elimination of tropical
... interrupted transmission completely. In parallel, the number of individuals infected with Schistosoma japonicum had declined to an all-time low with less than 300,000 infected people [23,24]. With regard to malaria, it must be noted that sustained efforts have reined in the endemic areas, which are ...
... interrupted transmission completely. In parallel, the number of individuals infected with Schistosoma japonicum had declined to an all-time low with less than 300,000 infected people [23,24]. With regard to malaria, it must be noted that sustained efforts have reined in the endemic areas, which are ...
VECTOR INTRODUCTION AND MALARIA INFECTION ON GUAM
... et al._in_1976,bringing the number of speciesof malaria on Guam in their 1943 report which anopheline mosquitoes reported from Guam to summarized the situation by stating: ,,Malaria nine. Only five of the collection records have has been recorded sporadically from Guam, but been verified, however. i ...
... et al._in_1976,bringing the number of speciesof malaria on Guam in their 1943 report which anopheline mosquitoes reported from Guam to summarized the situation by stating: ,,Malaria nine. Only five of the collection records have has been recorded sporadically from Guam, but been verified, however. i ...
Mass campaigns with antimalarial drugs: a modelling comparison of artemether-lumefantrine
... Results: A single mass campaign with antimalarial drugs is insufficient to permanently reduce malaria prevalence when transmission is high. Current diagnostics are insufficiently sensitive to accurately identify asymptomatic infections, and mass-screen-and-treat campaigns are much less efficacious t ...
... Results: A single mass campaign with antimalarial drugs is insufficient to permanently reduce malaria prevalence when transmission is high. Current diagnostics are insufficiently sensitive to accurately identify asymptomatic infections, and mass-screen-and-treat campaigns are much less efficacious t ...
Climate Change and Highland Malaria: Fresh Air for a Hot Debate
... Historically, the African highlands have been used as a shelter against malaria. In this context, it is important to note that every 100 m increase in altitude is associated with a 0.6 °C decrease in temperature (Strahler 1973). Also, malaria parasites do not develop inside their mosquito host if te ...
... Historically, the African highlands have been used as a shelter against malaria. In this context, it is important to note that every 100 m increase in altitude is associated with a 0.6 °C decrease in temperature (Strahler 1973). Also, malaria parasites do not develop inside their mosquito host if te ...
Oocyst Development is Inhibited in the Mosquito
... Plasmodium falciparum is a causative agent of malaria and a significant global health burden. The primary vector of P. falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa is the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Plasmodium species infect approximately 500 million people and cause nearly 1 million deaths annually. Cur ...
... Plasmodium falciparum is a causative agent of malaria and a significant global health burden. The primary vector of P. falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa is the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Plasmodium species infect approximately 500 million people and cause nearly 1 million deaths annually. Cur ...
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganism) belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma or death. The disease is transmitted by the biting of mosquitos, and the symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten. If not appropriately treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, re-infection typically causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.The disease is transmitted most commonly by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be spread by humans. Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum because P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae generally cause a milder form of malaria. The species P. knowlesi rarely causes disease in humans. Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests. Methods that use the polymerase chain reaction to detect the parasite's DNA have been developed, but are not widely used in areas where malaria is common due to their cost and complexity.The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites by using mosquito nets and insect repellents, or with mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standing water. Several medications are available to prevent malaria in travellers to areas where the disease is common. Occasional doses of the medication sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine are recommended in infants and after the first trimester of pregnancy in areas with high rates of malaria. Despite a need, no effective vaccine exists, although efforts to develop one are ongoing. The recommended treatment for malaria is a combination of antimalarial medications that includes an artemisinin. The second medication may be either mefloquine, lumefantrine, or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. Quinine along with doxycycline may be used if an artemisinin is not available. It is recommended that in areas where the disease is common, malaria is confirmed if possible before treatment is started due to concerns of increasing drug resistance. Resistance among the parasites has developed to several antimalarial medications; for example, chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to artemisinin has become a problem in some parts of Southeast Asia.The disease is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions that exist in a broad band around the equator. This includes much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Malaria is commonly associated with poverty and has a major negative effect on economic development. In Africa it is estimated to result in losses of US$12 billion a year due to increased healthcare costs, lost ability to work, and effects on tourism. The World Health Organization reports there were 198 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2013. This resulted in an estimated 584,000 to 855,000 deaths, the majority (90%) of which occurred in Africa.