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Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents
Alkylating agents
Spindle poison/mitotic inhibitor
Antimetabolites
Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics
Topoisomerase inhibitors
monoclonal antibodies
Photosensitizers
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Other
Nitrogen mustards: Cyclophosphamide, Nitrosoureas:Streptozocin.
Platinum: (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, BBR3464). Busulfan,
Dacarbazine, Procarbazine, Temozolomide, ThioTEPA, Uramustine
Taxane: (Docetaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine,
Vindesine, Vinorelbine).
Folic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed).
Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine,
Pentostatin, Thioguanine). Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine,
Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine)
Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin,
Mitoxantrone, Valrubicin) - streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin,
Mitomycin, Plicamycin) - Hydroxyurea
Camptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan),
Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide)
Receptor tyrosine kinase (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab)
- CD20 (Rituximab, Tositumomab) - other (Alemtuzumab,
Bevacizumab, Gemtuzumab)
Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium,
Verteporfin
Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Nilotinib,
Sorafenib, Sunitinib
retinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin) - Altretamine, Amsacrine,
Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase (Pegaspargase),
Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Denileukin diftitox, Estramustine,
Masoprocol, Mitotane
Anti-kanser ilaçların başlıca hedefi
nükleik asit sentezinin inhibisyonu
veya proliferasyonun
inhibisyonudur.
1. Damage the DNA of the affected cancer cells.
2. Inhibit the synthesis of new DNA strands to stop the cell from
replicating, because the replication of the cell is what allows the
tumor to grow.
3. Stop mitosis or the actual splitting of the original cell into two new
cells. Stopping mitosis stops cell division (replication) of the
cancer and may ultimately halt the progression of the cancer.
Stop the synthesis of pre DNA
molecule building blocks:
All of these agents work to block some step
in the formation of nucleotides or
deoxyribonucleotides
Examples of drugs in this class include
1) methotrexate
2) Fluorouracil
3) Hydroxyurea
4) mercaptopurine
Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic and cellular resistance to methotrexate
ANTİ-METABOLİTLER ve REPLİKASYONUN İNHİBİSYONU
Hydroxyurea (HU), a ribonucleotide reductase
inhibitor has been used in the treatment of some
malignant and viral diseases
Directly damage the DNA in the
nucleus of the cell
These agents chemically damage DNA and RNA
Examples of drugs in this class include
1. cisplatin
2. antibiotics – daunorubicin, doxorubicin, etoposide
Platination of DNA by cis-platin
molecule
Bazı antibiyotikler aynı zamanda anti-kanser
etki gösterirler
doxorubicin
two doxorubicin molecules intercalating DNA
Anti-cancer drugs effects
breakdown of the mitotic
spindles
Examples of drugs in this class of miotic disrupters include:
1. Vinblastine
2. Vincristine
3. Pacitaxel
Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer
chemotherapy
Specifically, paclitaxel binds to the β subunit of
tubulin. Tubulin is the "building block" of
microtubules, and the binding of paclitaxel locks
these building blocks in place.
Monoclonal antibodies for cancer. ADEPT, antibody directed enzyme
prodrug therapy; ADCC, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity;
CDC, complement dependent cytotoxicity; MAb, monoclonal antibody;
scFv, single-chain Fv fragment. Modified from Carter P: Improving the
efficacy of antibody-based cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer
2001;1:118-129;
RNA interference CANCER TERAPİ