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Transcript
The Work of Gregor Mendel Transmission of characteristics parents to offspring from _______________________is heredity called ___________________. SCIENCE that studies how The _________ _____ those characteristics are passed on from one _________ generation to the next is called ___________________ Genetics Father of Genetics The __________________ is _________________, Gregor Mendel a monk whose study _________ of genetic traits was the beginning of our understanding _________________ about how genes work _____________________. Mendel designed experiments using ____________ Pea plants in the __________ monastery garden MALE part of flower makes _______ Pollen ___________ (sperm) FEMALE __________ part of flower makes _______ cells egg In pea plants, the pollen normally joins with an egg from the same plant (=_______________ ONE parent _______ ) so seeds have Self pollinating “_________________” MENDEL’S PEA EXPERIMENTS Mendel started his experiments with peas that were true breeding _________________ = if allowed to self pollinate _________________ they would produce offspring identical ____________________ to themselves. MENDEL’S PEA EXPERIMENTS pollen Mendel removed ____________________ pollen making parts andadded ____________ from another _______ plant. This allowed him to _____________ cross-breed plants with ______________ different characteristics and study the results ________ specific characteristic A _____________________ is trait called a ____________ Mendel studied ______________ in 7 traits peas. MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS P1 generation ____ (_________) parental F1 generation ____ filial (______= offspring) F2 generation ___ Principles of Dominance Section 11-1 P Generation Tall Short F1 Generation Tall Tall F2 Generation Tall Tall Tall Short Principles of Dominance Section 11-1 P Generation Tall Short F1 Generation Tall Tall F2 Generation Tall Tall Tall Short Principles of Dominance Section 11-1 P Generation Tall Short F1 Generation Tall Tall F2 Generation Tall Tall Tall Short crossed PURE PLANTS When Mendel ______________ with 2 ______________ traits: contrasting (EX: Tall crossed with short) He always found same pattern: ONE trait ____________ showed 1. ONLY ______ F1 generation BUT . . . in the ____ Missing returned 2. ___________ trait ____________ in F2 generation the ____ 3:1 in a _________ ratio PATTERNS ARE THE KEY Mendel decided that there must be a pair of FACTORS __________________ that control ________each trait and that one factor must be able to __________ HIDE _______ the other. We now know that Mendel’s factors are genes carried on ________________ the pair of________________ homologous _________________ chromosomes DIFFERENT ________ gene _______ for a CHOICES trait are called ___________. ALLELES DOMINANT __________________ = An allele that ________ HIDES the presence of another allele RECESSIVE __________________ = An allele is hidden by that __________________ the presence of another allele Why did the recessive trait disappear in the F1 generation and reappear in the F2? The pattern corresponds movement of to the ____________ chromosomes during ______________ MEIOSIS ____________________ WHAT DOES MEIOSIS HAVE TO DO WITH IT? REMEMBER HOMOLOGOUS _____________ chromosomes SEPARATE ________________ during ANAPHASE I = _________________ SEGREGATION ____ F1 offspring __________ received an allele for tallness from their _______ TALL parent and an allele for shortness from their ________ SHORT parent. The F1 plants ALL ___________ LOOK TALL carryingan but are ___________ allele for _____________ shortness EXPLAINING the F1 CROSS SEGREGATION LAW OF ___________________ alleles are separated when the F1 plants ______________ made gametes When these gametes recombined to make the recessive F2 generation, the _____________ trait _______________ reappears in ¼ of the offspring