Download A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits

The study of organisms
and their interaction with
the environment
Biotic factors---living parts to an
ecosystem (plants, animals ect)
Abiotic factors---nonliving parts
to an ecosystem (temp, sunlight
pH, soil)
Organism---one individual living thing
Population---group of individuals
from the same species in the same
living space (deer in Oneida Co.)
Community---many populations that
interact together
Ecosystem--- the community plus the
abiotic factors
Niche---job or role of an organism
in an ecosystem
A lion, eats zebras, gets bitten by
flies. After he kills for food the
leftovers are for other animals and
microorganisms
Habitat---where an organism lives
ex: rain forest, desert
1.) Competition--- when 2 or more
individuals try to get the same
resources (food, water, mate)
it can be the same species
or different species
2.) Predation—one organism kills
another organism for food
Prey---the one eaten
Predator---the one that eats
 Symbiosis
• What it means:
• Two organisms that
live together
– Can be temporarily or
for a longer time
• At least one of the
organisms benefits
from the relationship
• There are three types.
Parasitism,
Mutualism,
Commensalism
Parasitism (+/-)
• A relationship between two organisms in
which one organism benefits (parasite) and the
other organism is harmed (host).
ex.) Fleas, ticks, lice, tapeworms, ring
worm, fungi
Host
Parasite
Tapeworm/Human
 Commensalism (+/0)
• A relationship between two
organisms in which the host
neither benefits nor is hurt by
the relationship.
Host
No effect
1 benefits and the other doesn’t
care
ex: pilot fish and shark
barnacle and whale
Mutualism (+/+)
• A relationship between two
organisms in which both benefit
• Cleaner fish and sea turtle
Link with tons of symbiotic
examples and pictures
Nutrition
1.) Producers---an organism that
makes its own food
2.) Consumer—an organism that gets
their energy by eating others (4 types)
Consumers
1.) Herbivore---only eats
producers
2.) Carnivore---only eats
consumers
Omnivores---eats both plants and
animals
Decomposer---break down dead
organisms—fungi/bacteria
Food chain--- shows the sequence
of energy transfer through an
ecosystem
 Arrows show path of energy 
Food web---many food chains
connected
Trophic levels 1st, 2nd, 3rd
each step of energy transfer
in a ecosystem
Energy Loss
---at each step of the trophic
levels energy is lost. This loss of
energy is released as heat and daily
activities. Only 10 percent moves on
to next level.
Water Cycle
water is not usually
destroyed, it is moved from place to
place.
Carbon cycle
plants take in carbon as carbon
dioxide---animals eat the plants—
then the animals release CO2 as a
waste (what you breath out)---repeats
Other factors affect this
cycle---burning fossil fuels
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen is needed for
building proteins. All organisms need
it.
Nitrogen is 78% of the
atmosphere.---but only 1 type of
organism can get the nitrogen from
the air.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
can take the nitrogen from the
air and change it into a form the
plants can use.—(mutualistic
relationship)
Succession
change over time of the species
in a community
2 types
primary succession
secondary succession
Pioneer species---1st organisms to
colonize an area (moss, lichens,
grass)
Climax community---final stable
community—will be different for each
biome
Primary succession--- occurs in an
area where no ecosystem has been
new islands, glacier move,
sidewalks
Starts from bare rock—soil must be
made 1st.
Secondary succession—occurs
where an ecosystem already
existed—much faster---after a
forest fire
Terrestrial succession---- land
Aquatic succession---water
slow fill in of a body of
water—can turn into a field