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Transcript
Introduction to Genetics Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Genetics is the study of heredity. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics. Who was Mendel? Mendel was a monk who lived in a monastery in Austria He spent a lot of time gardening and became interested in why plants looked the way that they did. Mendel studied the characteristics of pea plants to see how traits were passed from parents to offspring. Mendel’s Discovery Mendel noticed that some traits showed up more often than others. He called these traits dominant – they will cover up another trait that is present. Recessive traits are the traits that get covered up. You only see recessive traits if you get one from each of your parents. Genes are the sections of DNA that carry information about a certain trait. The different forms of a trait (whether it is dominant or recessive) are called alleles. Dominant alleles are always shown with a capital letter. Recessive alleles are always shown with a lower case letter. Alleles are represented with a genotype – a letter combination. If the two letters in a genotype are the same, it is said to be homozygous If the two letters are different (one capital, one lower case), it is said to be heterozygous. The phenotype is the physical appearance of a trait. Mendel’s Laws of Genetics Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that because of meiosis, each gamete that is made only only receives 1 copy of each gene. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that the alleles of different genes sort independently of each other during meiosis. In other words, inheriting one trait cannot influence another trait. Mendel’s Law of Dominance states that if you have a heterozygous organism, you will only see the dominant trait and the recessive will be hidden.