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Transcript
Mrs. Wharton’s Class Mendel’s Work Mendel’s Experiments Heredity- the passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring. Trait- Each different form of a characteristic (height, eye color). Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Why did Mendel study Pea Plants? Pea plants are usually self-pollinating, meaning pollen from a flower lands on the pistil of the same flower. Mendel developed a method by which he cross-pollinated, or “crossed,” pea plants. Mendel’s Experiment Mendel crossed two pea plants that differed in height. He crossed purebred tall plants with purebred short plants. In all of Mendel’s crosses, only one form of the trait appeared in the F1 generation. However, in the F2 generation, the “lost” form of the trait always reappeared in about one fourth of the plants. P1 F1 From his results, Mendel reasoned that individual factors, one from each parent, control the inheritance of traits. Terms Con’t. Fertilization-when a new organism begins to form Purebred-when offspring from many generations have the same trait Gene- factors control a trait Allele-different forms of a gene An organism’s traits are controlled by the alleles it inherits from its parents. Some alleles are dominant, while other alleles are recessive. Geneticists use a capital letter to represent a dominant allele and a lowercase version of the same letter for the recessive allele. Mendel’s Results Parent generation (P1)- two alleles in a purebred tall were crossed with two alleles in a purebred short F1 generation- two hybrids were crossed F2 generation- resulted in purebreds and hybrids! Types of Traits Hybrid- an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. Dominant-is one whose trait that always shows up when the allele is present Recessive- a trait that is hidden every time a dominant allele is present. Mendel’s Results Mendel’s discovery was not recognized during his lifetime. In 1900, three different scientists rediscovered Mendel’s work. Because of his work, Mendel is often called the Father of Genetics.