Download BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOTECHNOLOGY
What is Biotechnology?
• the use of living systems and organisms to
develop or make useful products. It can
also be any technological application such
as artificial selection, genetic engineering,
DNA fingerprinting and cloning that uses
biological systems and living organisms to
make or modify products or processes for
specific use.
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
• Earliest form of
biotechnology that has
been used in plants
and animals. Its
purpose is to produce
desired traits
• There are 2 types of
artificial selection:
1. inbreeding
2. outbreeding
(also known as hybridization)
INBREEDING
• Cross organisms with
similar genotypes
• Purpose: Maintain
desirable traits in the
same line of organisms
• Risks: Can cause
undesirable recessive
(rr) traits to be
expressed
(such as deafness, blindness,
joint deformations)
OUTBREEDING
• Cross organisms from different species
(genotypes)
• This is also known as “Hybridization”. It
usually causes sterility but can also be
used to conserve endangered species
(Florida Panther
X Texas Cougars)
• Increases strength and vigor
(Examples: mule, liger)
Donkey (x) female horse
Male lion (x) female tiger
GENETIC ENGINEERING
• Technique(s) used to identify or change
genes at the molecular level.
• Many uses such as: determining paternity,
identifying a carrier of a particular gene for
a particular disorder, etc.
• One technique is Gel Electrophoresis used
to make a pattern called a “DNA
Fingerprint”.
DNA FINGERPRINTING:
an analysis of sections of
DNA that have little or no
known function in order to
identify one individual
from another.
Example used in a paternity suit:
lane 1 = mother
lane 2 = child
lane 3 = putative (="possible")
father #1
lane 4 = putative father #2
Cloning -The creation of an organism that is an exact
genetic copy of another. This means that every
single bit of DNA is the same between the two (like
identical twins).
Genetically Modified Foods (GMO)
• Also known as
Transgenic Plants,
foods that have
been genetically
engineered for
faster growth,
resistance to
pathogen and
production of extra
nutrients.
Gene Splicing: a process used to take certain genes
from one organism and insert them into another.
• Gene Splicing: