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Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11-3 http://www.eslkidstuff.com/images/tallshort.gif http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought ENVIRONMENT influences the ____________________________ ________________________. expression of genes “Nature vs Nurture” = ________________________ provide the plan Genes ________ ______ for development, but how plan unfolds also depends on ______________conditions. environmental _______ GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought Some traits have choices ____________ MORE than 2 allele __________ MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT = ____________________ EX: blood type B ___ O A ___ Allele choices ___ GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Some traits are determined by ____________________________ MORE THAN ONE GENE POLYGENIC TRAIT = __________________ EX: human height. intelligence, skin & eye color http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Traits determined by ____________ MORE than ONE gene have _____ _________ many “___________” in-between phenotypes There aren’t just SMART people and DUMB people…. there is a ________________ whole range of intelligences in-between http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought KINDS OF DOMINANCE ____________________ COMPLETE DOMINANCE INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE ____________________ CO-DOMINANCE ____________________ COMPLETE DOMINANCE Dominant allele _______ masks __________ the ___________ recessive one PATTERN ? Recessive allele ____________ ________ returns in a _____ratio in the 3:1 ____ F2 generation http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE DON’T SEE expected __________ _____ 3:1 ratio in F2 generation Heterozygous organisms with one _____________ dominant and one recessive allele show a _________ BLENDED in-between trait Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html CO-DOMINANCE BOTH traits are expressed at ___________ _______ SAME TIME (_____________________) in heterozygote NO BLENDING ROAN A ________HORSE has ______________ BOTH RED hair and __________ WHITE hair side by side CO-DOMINANCE Both traits are expressed together (NO BLENDING) in heterozygote Persons with an A allele AND a B allele have blood type AB BLOOD TYPES have more than 2 allele choices MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT = _________________________ The pattern of sugars that is attached is determined by genes Allele choices are: A B O _____ ____ ____ BLOOD TYPES An A allele tells the cell to put “A” on its surface BLOOD TYPES A B allele tells the cell to put a different “B” on its surface BLOOD TYPES An O allele tells the cell NOT to put anything on the surface A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH “A” and “B” on its surface BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES GENOTYPE AA AO BB BO OO AB PHENOTYPE (BLOOD TYPE) A A B B O AB BLOOD TYPES DONOR BLOOD YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! BLOOD TYPES DONOR BLOOD YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! BLOOD TYPES DONOR BLOOD YOU’RE LIKE ME! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! BLOOD TYPES YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg O can donate to ____ EVERY BLOOD TYPE UNIVERSAL DONOR = _____________________ Nothing on surface to recognize as “NOT SELF” BLOOD TYPES AB can RECEIVE FROM ______ EVERY BLOOD TYPE UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT = ________________________ Body image modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY IN USA A B AB O 40% 10% 4% 46% http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/BldTyping.html