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Hormones – An Introduction FSH – A peptide hormone Method of Action – Steroid Hormones Steroids transport via carrier proteins – why? Movement through plasma membrane into cytoplasm of target Interaction with specific receptors Binding to response elements in target genes Influence on transcription Steroid receptor structure AF1 Transact Ligand Binding DNA binding/Dimerisation DBD NL Transact DNA Sequence – Differs, depending on receptor complex eg., GGTCAnnnTGACCC for estrogen receptor bound to ligand Method of Action – Peptide Hormones Interact with ligand bound receptor on plasma membrane – why? Consequence of interaction with receptor is signal transduction – eg., activation of GTP, influence on adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase Gene activation indirect, but signal amplification can be more rapid G-Protein Coupled Receptor Function Richardson, 2001 Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis: An Historical Perspective Michelangelo’s “Creation of Adam” Outline of Brain FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY Chapter 3b - Ronald M. Lechan, M.D., Ph.D., and Roberto Toni, M.D. Adenohypophysis = Anterior Pituitary “Glandular” Neurohypophysis= Posterior Pituitary (neurons that extend here have cell bodies in hypothalamus Hypothalamic/Pituitary Axis – Vasculature and Gross Morphology Adapted from http://www.uwyo.edu/wjm/Repro Pituitary Histology GH, PRL secreting FSH, LH etc Note the differences in morphology and staining patterns (acidophilic vs basophilic) reflecting differences in secretions b/w cell types. Tissue is also highly vascularized
