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The Pathway to Protein • RNA – single stranded – Uracil instead of thymine – Ribose instead of deoxyribose – Shorter than DNA – Folds to form some double-stranded regions (A-U, C-G) Types of RNA • Messenger RNA – carries DNA’s message Ribosomal RNA – makes up ribosomes Transfer RNA – transfers amino acids to a growing protein Transcription – in the nucleus • Building mRNA – Must have the same info as DNA – Match the letters in the gene (A-U, C-G) mRNA leaves the nucleus Translation – in cytoplasm • mRNA is grabbed by a ribosome • Matching tRNA docks • Amino acids bond Genetic Code • Each 3-nucleotide sequence in mRNA = codon – Codes for one particular amino acid (there are 20) or the STOP signal • tRNA has anticodon (complementary to codon) – each tRNA holds one particular amino acid
