Download CHAPTER 7.1

DO NOW: What do wood, a
marshmallow and gasoline all
have in common?
They all have stored chemical energy
that can be used for energy!!!!
CHAPTER 7.1
SUNLIGHT POWERS LIFE
OBTAINING FOOD
• All organisms need food for energy and
building materials
AUTOTROPHS
• An organism that makes its own food
• AKA (also known as) producers
• Photosynthesis- uses the sun’s energy
to convert water and carbon dioxide into
sugars and oxygen
HETEROTROPHS
• Organisms that cannot make their own
food
• AKA consumers
• Get food from producers or other
consumers
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• The process that
uses oxygen to
make ATP
EQUATIONS
CLASS WORK/exit slip
• 1. Define autotroph and heterotroph,
and give an example of each.
2. Explain the role of food (glucose) in
both photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
3. Explain how life on Earth depends on
the sun.
CHAPTER 7.2
FOOD STORES CHEMICAL ENERGY
INTRODUCTION TO
ENERGY
• Energy- the ability to perform work
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• Two main types
– Kinetic
– Potential
KINETIC ENERGY
• The energy of
motion
• Thermal Energyrandom kinetic
energy of molecular
motion
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• Stored energy due
to an objects
position or
arrangement
• Chemical Energypotential energy of
food
CALORIES: UNITS OF
ENERGY
• Calorie- the amount of energy required
to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 degree Celsius
• Men: BMR = 66 + (13.7 x W) + (5 x H) (6.8 x Age) = Daily calories required
• Women: BMR = 665 + (9.6 x W) + (1.8
x H) - (4.7 x Age) = Daily calories needs
• Where:
• W = weight in Kgs (1 pound =
0.45359237 kilograms)
• H = Height in cms ( 1 foot = 12 inches, 1
inch = 2.54 cms)
• Age = Years
• Sedentary - none or very little exercise = BMR
X 1.2
• Light activity for average of 2 days/week = BMR
X 1.375
• Moderate activity level exercising 4 days/week
= BMR X 1.5
• High activity levels exercise & sports more than
6 days/week = BMR X 1.7
• Higher activity levels = up to 2 x BMR
CLASS WORK
• 1. Identify the types of energy you have
at the top of a staircase and as you go
down the stairs.
2. Explain how your body uses chemical
energy during exercise.
3. If a food has 10 kcal of energy, how
much could it increase the temperature
of 100 g of water?
CHAPTER 7.3 and 7.4
ATP PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK
ELECTRONS “FALL” FROM FOOD TO OXYGEN
DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION
ATP
• Adenosine tri-phosphate
• Energy is held between the phosphate
groups
• In the Figure, an ATP molecule contains potential
energy, much like a compressed spring. When a
phosphate group is pulled away during a
chemical reaction, energy is released.
CELLULAR WORK
• Mechanical
– Contractions of a muscle
• Transport
– Pumping solutes across a membrane
• Chemical
– Building large materials
THE ATP CYCLE
• ATP releases
energy to become
ADP
• ADP gains energy to
become ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
and BREATHING
• Aerobic- a process that requires the use
of oxygen
• Breathing is the process of the
exchange of gases
• Cellular respiration is the process that
breaks down sugar to make energy
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
CHAIN
• A series of transfers where electron
carriers pass electrons on to other
carriers
Class Work
1. 1. In what way is ATP like a compressed spring?
2. List three main types of cellular work.
3. What is the source of energy for regenerating
ATP from ADP?
2. 1. Compare and contrast breathing and cellular
respiration.
2. List the reactants and products in cellular
respiration.
3. What is meant by the "falling" of electrons to
oxygen? How does this process release energy?
4. How does an electron transport chain result in
the gradual release of energy stored in glucose?
Chapter 7.5
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
CONVERTS ENERGY IN FOOD TO
ENERGY IN ATP
STRUCTURE OF
MITOCHONDRIA
• Two membranes
• Highly folded inner membrane
– Matrix (liquid)
• Outer membrane
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• A process ALL cells go through
• Metabolism- all the chemical processes
of a cell
• Three Stages
– Glycolysis
– Krebs Cycle
– Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase
GLYCOLYSIS
•
•
•
•
Splitting of sugar
Cytoplasm
Starts with glucose and 2 ATP
Ends with 2 pyruvic acid and 4 ATP
KREBS CYCLE
• Breaking down of pyruvic acid into
carbon dioxide
• Mitochondria
ETC/ ATP SYNTHASE
• Mitochondria
• ATP Synthase- an enzyme in the cells
mitochondria, uses H+ ions to convert
ADP to ATP
TOTAL ATP PRODUCED
SUMMARY OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
SUMMARY QUESTION 7.5
• 1. How is the mitochondrion's structure
suited to its function?
2. Identify the three stages of cellular
respiration, where in the cell each takes
place, and how many ATP molecules it
produces.
3. Summarize the use and production of
ATP in one cycle of cellular respiration
CHAPTER 7.6
SOME CELLS CAN HARVEST
ENERGY WITHOUT OXYGEN
FERMENTATION
• Anaerobic- an environment without oxygen
• Fermentation- a process that makes ATP
without using oxygen
• Makes ATP from glycolysis
• Two types
– Lactic Acid
– Alcoholic
LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION
• Human muscle cells, fungi, and bacteria
• Waste product is lactic acid
LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION
LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION
LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION
ALCOHOLIC
FERMENTATION
• Yeast and other microorganisms
• Waste products are carbon dioxide (CO2) and
ethyl alcohol
ALCOHOLIC
FERMENTATION
ALCOHOLIC
FERMENTATION
CONCEPT CHECK 7.6
• 1) How is fermentation different from
cellular respiration?
• 2) Describe one example of how
fermentation in microorganisms
produces human food.
• 3) What is the waste product of
fermentation in muscle cells? What
does it cause?