* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download DADS PowerPoint Presentation - How to Kill Cancer
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup
Expression vector wikipedia , lookup
Endogenous retrovirus wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 wikipedia , lookup
How to Kill Cancer Diallyl disulfide, DADS, C6H10S2 or 4,5-dithia-1,7-octadiene One of many beneficial sulfide compounds found in raw garlic Affects detoxification enzymes to rid the body of cancer cells DADS, as well as DAS (diallyl sulfide), affect cancer cells by activating proteins that hinder the cell cycle (DADS) (DAS) Where to Find & How to Isolate DADS Alliin is naturally present in garlic Alliin spontaneously transforms to allicin when garlic is crushed (i.e. chewing, chopping, etc.) Allicin then transforms to various sulfides DADS makes up ~26% (by weight) of the various sulfides formed DAS makes up >5% (by weight) of the various sulfides formed (Alliin) (Allicin) (DADS) Fun Facts Alliin has no odor Allicin has strong garlic odor Alliin is chemically similar to the amino acid cysteine Allicin and its products are rapidly metabolized in the body DADS can be metabolized (oxidized) in the liver to form allicin Effect on Detoxification Enzymes DADS increases the rate of phosphorylation of cancer suppressing proapoptotic proteins Phosphorylation activates proteins When the proapoptotic proteins are activated they hinder the cell cycle and thus result in cell death Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important function of physiologically damaged and malfunctioning cells, such cells can lead to cancer Kills Cancer Cells DADS increases the expression of the p53 cancer suppressor gene and p38 MAP kinase (a protein that halts mitosis in the G2/M phase) DADS helps to induce cell death especially in gastrointestinal, breast, and prostate cancer cells DAS also increased the expression of protein p53 as well as the proapoptotic bax protein DAS also decreased the expression of proteins in tumor cells that stop apoptosis DAS reduced the expression of the ras oncoprotein, (high expression of this protein is associated with malignant cancer) Normal vs. Mutated Cancer tends to start in cells in which proapoptotic pathways are damaged or malfunctioning A cell starts to grow and divide out of control Normal Pathway to Kill Cancer p53 protein binds to DNA → Stimulates gene to produce p21 protein → p21 interacts with cell division (stimulates protein cdk2) → p21 complexes with cdk2 → cells cannot enter the next stage of cell division Mutated Pathway Leads to Cancer mutant p53 does not bind to DNA in the same way → p21 protein is not produced → no “stop signal” for cell division → cells divide uncontrollably and form tumors Garlic Potions Garlic Extract - As a daily supplement: A tincture can be made by soaking 1/4 pound of peeled and separated garlic cloves in 1/2 quart of brandy. Seal tightly and shake every day. Strain and bottle after two weeks of this, and take in drops - 25-30 a day, if desired Garlic Couch Syrup: Slice 1 pound of fresh garlic and pour one quart of boiling water over it. Let sit for 12 hours, then add sugar until you reach the consistency of a syrup. Add honey for better taste, if desired. Garlic Tea – For Sore Throat: Make a garlic tea by steeping several cloves of garlic in half a cup of water overnight. Hold your nose and drink it. Garlic Ear Medicine - For Ear Aches: Slice a garlic clove, heat briefly in a small amount of virgin olive oil, and let cool. Then use a drop of two in the affected ear (strain the mixture beforehand, of course). Garlic Ointment or Oil- For wounds, cuts, athlete's foot, skin irritation, fungus, infection, toothache: Combine about 4 ounces of the fresh cloves with 1 pint of olive, safflower, or other pure vegetable oil. Heat gently, uncovered, for about one hour. For oil, strain, bottle, and cap tightly when cooled. For a thicker ointment, add 1 to 1-1/2 ounces of beeswax to the mixture as it heats. Let cool and bottle appropriately. Apply to affected area. References Ganora, Lisa. “The Phytochemistry of Herbs.” 27 Feb 2007. http://www.herbalchem.net/GarlicAdvanced.htm “Genes and Diseases.” National Library of Medicine. 10 January 2007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=gnd.section.107 Kalra N, Arora A, Shukla Y. “Involvement of multiple signaling pathways in diallyl sulfide mediated apoptosis in mouse skin tumors.” Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow-226001, India. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17250426&query_hl=1&itool= pubmed_docsum Kotylo PK, Michael H, Fineberg N, Sutton G, Roth LM. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content and RAS P21 oncoprotein expression in ovarian neoplasms. Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1563907&dopt=Abstract “Medicinal Uses of Garlic.” Gardens Ablaze. http://www.gardensablaze.com/HerbGarlicMed.htm “Phosphorylation.” Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 26 March 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation Tan LM, Zhang MX, Luo HM, Zeng YZ, Li JM, Cui ZW, Zhang XH, Tang SS. “The initiation of G2/M checkpoint by diallyl disulfide requires the activation of p38 MAP kinase in HL-60 cells.” Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Medical School, Nanhua University, Hengyang of Hunan Province 421001, China. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=15182534 Yuan JP, Wang GH, Ling H, Su Q, Yang YH, Song Y, Tang RJ, Liu Y, Huang C. “Diallyl disulfide-induced G2/M arrest of human gastric cancer MGC803 cells involves activation of p38 MAP kinase pathways.” Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, Hubei Province, China. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=15309729