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Transcript
Atoms Elements HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms Monomers make up polymers Monosaccharides Fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides Biological Compounds (polymers) Carbohydrates (CH20) Lipids (CHO) 2x as many H as C, fewer O Proteins (CHONS) Nucleic Acids (CHONP) Monomer Single unit of a macromolecule Can be linked together to form polymers Monomer Monomer Monomer Monomer AKA: sugars, saccharides <the movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in which everyone lives happily ever after> development of saccharin -- an artificial sweetener known today to many seasoned dieters as Sweet-n-Low. Why are they important? Monomers (C6H12O6 ) Glucose - Photosynthesis Fructose - Fruit Galactose – Milk Polymer : Starch Plant Energy Polymer: Cellulose Same chemical formula Different shape = isomer Polymer: Glycogen Animal energy C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22 O11 When H2O is created because two monomers are united, this is called a condensation reaction. The opposite, when water is added to break a polymer apart, it is called hydrolysis. Phospholipids Triglycerides Waxes Steroids Type of Steroids: Cholesterol Hormones Androgen Corticosteroids HGH BGH Lots of C, twice as much H, very little O Long hydrocarbon chains Fatty acid (monomer) -Nonpolar -Hydrophobic Triglyceride (Fats) Saturated or unsaturated Oil (liquid) - E storage Fat (solid) - E storage, insulation, padding -Polar -Hydrophilic TRIGLYCERIDE PHOSPHOLIPID Phosphate Glycerol Glycerol Impermeable to H20, maintains cell integrity. C, H, O, N and sometimes S Peptide = Amino Acid = Protein Monomer Radical Group R O H N H C H C Over twenty varieties (They differ only in the “radical” group) O H Enzymes are a type of protein Phenylalanine Lower the activation energy for chemical reactions Are reusable Phenylketonuria Neurological disease Lack of enzyme Phenylalanine hydroxlase Phenylalanine hydroxlase Proteins are polymers comprised of amino acids Structural examples Muscle fibers, hair, cytoskeleton Cell membrane proteins C, H, O, N, and P Nucleotide (nucleic acid monomer) Monosaccharide Ribose or Deoxyribose Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Group Nucleic Acid Polymers RNA Protein synthesis DNA Primary genetic info 1. List the 6 elements common to all organisms 2. Name four organic compounds 3. Describe the amount of elements found in a carbohydrate monomer. 4. Name 3 carbohydrate monomers 5. Name 3 carbohydrate polymers 6. Name the polymer for each monomer A. nucleotide B. monosaccharide C. Fatty acid D. Amino acid 7. Draw a rough outline of what a nucleic acid monomer and a carbohydrate monomer would look like. 8. What elements are in a nucleic acid monomer?