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Chapter 2 Secs. 1/2
Chemical
Reactions Take
Place in Cells
Cells Capture
and Release
Energy
Photosynthesis,
Cellular
Respiration &
Fermentation
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Please define chemical reaction.
Chemical Reaction: when bonds
between atoms are broken and
new bonds form to make
different molecules.
What are the four types of large
molecules? (Must name all four to receive
points)
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
All of the four types of large molecules
have something in common. They all
contain _______ atoms.
Carbon
How are carbohydrates and lipids
similar and how are they different?
(Must answer both parts of the
question to receive points)
Similarities: both contain carbon,
oxygen, and hydrogen and provide
energy/structure.
Differences: Lipids do NOT dissolve in
water. Carbohydrates do.
_______ is the process where molecules
spread out, or move to an area where there
are many of them to an area where there
are fewer of them.
Diffusion—food
example.
A major energy source for
most cells is stored in a
sugar molecule called
________.
Glucose
Why is water needed by cells?
All the chemical
reactions in a cell take
place in water.
Plants do not immediately use all of the
glucose they make. Why?
Some of the glucose molecules are linked together to build
large carbohydrates called starch. Plants can store starch
and later break it down into glucose or other sugars when
they need energy.
When your cells use __________ to
release energy, one of the waste
products is lactic acid, which can
cause a burning sensation in your
muscles.
Fermentation-the process of cells releasing
energy without oxygen.
What are the subunits of nucleic
acids?
Nucleotides
What is the process that changes
energy from sunlight into chemical
energy?
Photosynthesis
What are the starting and ending
materials for photosynthesis? (Must
answer both parts of the question to
receive points)
Starting: sunlight, carbon
dioxide and water
Ending: oxygen and
sugars (glucose)
What are the starting and ending
materials of cellular respiration?
Starting: sugars (glucose) and
oxygen
Ending: energy, carbon dioxide, and
water.
Which type of large molecule do cells
use as a main energy source and
structure for the cell?
Carbohydrates
Which type of large molecule sometimes
transports materials into and out of the cell?
HINT: they also make chemical reactions
happen faster!
Proteins
This is the energy stored
in the bonds between
atoms of every molecule.
Chemical Energy
This is a light absorbing pigment, or
colored substance, that traps the
energy in sunlight.
Chlorophyll
______ is the movement of water through a
membrane of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
The structure and the function of a
protein is determined by the type,
number, and order of ______ ______ in
it. HINT: these are the building blocks
(subunits) of proteins.
Amino Acids
What is the process in which a
material/molecules are being
expelled from the cell?
Exocytosis
What does DNA stand for? (**must
be spelled correctly)
Deoxyribonucleic Acids