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BIOL 1441-030 Wed 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 BIOL 1441-033 Thu 3:00 – 4:50 LS 207 BIOL 1441-037 Fri 11:00 – 12:50 LS 200 Heath Blackmon LS 459 Office Hours: 10:30-12:00 Tue and Thu [email protected] Macromolecules Diverse molecules that serve a variety of purposes in living organisms CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS* Carbohydrates • Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Monosaccharide – Glucose, fructose, ribose • Disaccharide – Lactose, Sucrose • Polysaccharide – “Many Sugars” Carbohydrates • Polysaccharides – Starch • Glucose storage – Glycogen • Glucose storage – Cellulose • structural Carbohydrates • How do you break up large sugars? – Hydrolysis • With use of enzymes, break down complex starches to glucose, in presence of water. • Ex: Seed growth, beer production Lipids • Made of Carbon and Hydrogen • Insoluble in water • Ex: Oils, fats – Found in plants and animals Proteins • Made of tightly bound Amino Acids – Peptide bonds • Structure – Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary Tests to be performed today Sugar, Starch, Lipid, Protein Sugar Test • Benedict’s Reagent – Glucose vs. Sucrose – Tests for presence of simple sugars (monosacchride) – Record results Starch Test • Iodine Reagent (iodine potassium iodide) – Mix with potato starch in test tube – Record results Hydrolysis • Breaking up sugars with water and acid • Test samples with Benedict's test and Iodine test • Record results Lipid Test • Brown Paper test • Record Results Protein Test • Biuret reagent – protein indicator • Albumin – Egg protein • Record Results Macromolecules in Food • Separation of Butter – Lipid Layer and Protein Layer of butter – Perform tests on the two layers and regular butter • Tests with food – Perform the tests on Banana, Coconut, Milk, Peanut, and Potato Lab Manual 52-75 Conversions and Scientific Notation Difference between a monosachride and disachride Monosachrides are simple sugars Disachrides have two simple sugars joined together Carbohydrates are long chains of sugars Lab Manual pp 52-75 An example of a way that we use macromolecules: Lipids – cell membranes Proteins – enzymes (hemoglobin) Carbohydrates – energy storage Nucleic Acids – DNA
