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Chapter 2 Section 3 The Chemistry of Life Atom • Everything, living or non-living, is made of atoms • Smallest part of matter or element • Parts of the atom include the neutrons, electrons and protons Element • A substance made of one type of atom • Found on the periodic table Molecule • When two or more atoms join together H2O – water 6 Common Elements in Living things • • • • • • Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur • • • • • • C H N O P S Proteins • Base unit is called amino acids • Most abundant material in cell after water Protein Functions • Makes feathers, hair and spider webs • Hemoglobin – oxygen to body parts • Enzymes – chemical reactions Carbohydrates • Made of sugar • Cells use as a source for energy • Simple or complex carbs –Simple = one or a few sugars –Complex= many sugars Starch • Plants store complex carbohydrates as starch • Found in potatoes Lipids • Compounds that cannot mix with water • Store energy Fats and Oils • Store energy • Structures are almost identical –Fats – solid at room temp –Oils – liquid at room temp Phospholipids • Make the cell membrane Water loving Water fearing Water loving Nucleic acids • Made of base units called nucleotides • Blue prints of life • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The Cell’s Fuel • ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • comes from broken down food molecules