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Chapter 8, Sections 3 & 4 Pages 306-323 Polymers, Composites and Carbon Forming Polymers • Polymers form when chemical bonds link large numbers of monomers in a repeating pattern. • Figures 16-18, pg.’s 307-309. • Natural Polymers: • Proteins are formed from smaller molecules called amino acids. • Synthetic Polymers: • Plastics are made from simpler materials such as oil or coal. Composites • Composite: Combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties. • Many composites include one or more polymers. – Fiberglass is glass strands held together by plastic. – Figures 19 & 20, pg.’s 312-313 Carbohydrates • An energy rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (fig.’s 21-22, pg.’s 317-318) • Simple Carbohydrates: – Glucose: One of the most important sugars in your body. The Chemical formula is C6H12O6 • Complex Carbohydrates: A polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded to one another. –Starch: A stored plant energy; found in potatoes, pasta and rice. –Cellulose: Used by plants to make strong stems and roots. Proteins and Lipids • Proteins: The body uses proteins from food to build and repair body parts and to regulate cell activities. • Lipids are energy rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. – Gram for gram, lipids release twice as much energy in your body as do carbohydrates. – Fig.’s 23-25, pg.’s 319-320 Nucleic Acids • Very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus. ( fig.’s 2326, pg.’s 319-321) –DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid • When living things reproduce, they pass DNA and the information it carries to the next generation. –RNA: ribonucleic acid •Nucleotides: The building blocks of nucleic acids. Other Nutrients • Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals, and salts to support the functioning of large molecules. • Figure 27, pg. 322 Questions??? • Complete the Section 3 assessment questions (pg. 313) and the section 4 assessment questions ( pg. 323).
