Download Click to View - Malala Yousafzai and the Religion of Islam

Symbol of Islam
Created By: Mahum Kudia, Elsie Lashchuk, & Sukhman Sodhi
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It’s an Abrahamic Faith
It’s a Monotheistic Religion
Their God is called Allah
Their Holy Book is the Qur’an
There are 1.2 billion Muslims in the
world.
• “Islam, which is typically translated
as ‘submission to God’, is derived
from the Arabic word “salam”
meaning peace
• Islam was completed in the 7th
century.
 “Muslims believe that Islam is a faith that
has always existed and that it was
gradually revealed to humanity by a
number of prophets, but the final and
complete revelation of the faith was
made through the Prophet Muhammad in
the 7th century CE.” –BBC
• Abraham’s Family Tree:
• Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah (June 8, 570- June
8, 633 CE)
• He received revelations of the Qur’an from Allah
through the angel Jibril (a) (Gabriel). “He was deeply
bothered by the many social evils in Arabia, such as
the ill treatment of women, widespread alcoholism,
constant warfare and subjugation of the poor.”
Muhammad (s) taught people to lead their life with
good moral values, treat others better than themselves,
be respectful, caring, truthful, generous, forgiving,
modest, and humble, etc.
• In his lifetime, the Prophet established the 1st Islamic
State in Arabia, with Madinah as its capital.
• Abu Bakr was the 1st Caliph (leader) after the death of the Prophet
for just 2 years. He dealt with much instability and turmoil which
occurred within the newly established state after the Prophet’s death.
• Umer ibn Khattab was the 2nd Caliph and ruled for 10 years. Under
his rule, Islam spread over a vast area. His “generals conquered
Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kirman, Seistan, Khurasan, Syria, Jordan,
Palestine and Egypt, and incorporated them into the empire of the
Muslims. All of these were permanent conquests.” (al-islam.org)
• Uthman bin Affan-The 3rd caliphate (from 644-656) “collected the
verses of Qur’an, and published it as the official version of God's
last message to mankind.” (BBC)
• Ali ibn Abi Talib was the 4th Caliph. During his 5 year reign, “he
moved from Madina to Kufa in Iraq and made it the capital” of the
Muslim Empire. He had to deal with a lot of political unrest, and
many radical and extremist groups.
• There are 5 pillars: (What’s Required)
1.
Shahadah
2.
3.
4.
5.
Shahadah- “I bear witness that there is no God
but Allah, and that Muhammad is his servant and
messenger”
Salat (Prayer)- 5 prayers a day
Sawm (Fasting)-During the month of Ramadan,
Muslims don’t eat from dawn to dusk.
Zakat (charity)- a yearly donation that’s 2.5% of
your income.
Hajj- A holy pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in
a Muslim’s lifetime.
• Heaven and Hell
1.
2.
Hajj
If you believe, and obey Allah’s commands, or are
martyred then you go to Heaven.
If you disbelieve, and worship others beside Allah,
and disobey, or commit suicide then you go to
Hell.
• In Islam, things that can harm you are considered
“haram” or prohibited.
• For example: Alcohol, Drugs, Gambling and Pork.
• Many people, due to biased information from
the media, believe that Islam promotes violence
and terrorism, but that is not the case.
• “If anyone killed an innocent it would be as if he
had killed the whole of mankind. And one who
saved a life would be as if he had saved the
lives of all mankind.” (The Noble Qur’an 5:32)
• The Prophet Muhammad said, “The Muslim is the
one from whose tongue and hand the people
are safe, and the believer is the one who is
trusted with the lives and wealth of the people.”
• So, the terrorists that go around killing people
saying their muslims, are just terrorists and
extremists who have hijacked a religion, and
follow it when it suits them.
• Many people believe that Jihad
means “Holy War”, but that is
not the case.
• Jihad literally means “to
struggle”
• Most of the time, it doesn’t
mean holy war and going out
and killing people. That is only
if Somebody invades your
country and starts killing you,
then you fight back or
“struggle” out of self-defense.
• Holy war is the least
emphasized type of Jihad.
• Most of the time, Jihad means a
personal struggle, like
becoming a better person
“And fight for the cause of God,
Those who fight you, but do not
be aggressive, surely God does
not like the Aggressors. (Holy
Qur’an 2:190)
• People think that Muslim women are
oppressed in Islam, but that is not the
case. People often confuse culture with
religion.
• Islam actually liberates women.
• The hijab (headscarf) and burqa are
very freeing, because they prevent
women from being objectified by men.
They are appreciated for their intellect,
not for their looks.
• Islam gave women many rights which
they had been deprived of because of
culture, such as inheritance, the right to
own property, education (some of the
greatest Muslim scholars were women),
etc.
• Women in the “West” got these rights in
the 19th century, more than a thousand
years later.
• “Islamic art was influenced by two religious
restrictions. Mohammed warned artists not to
imitate God, the creator of all life, by making
images of living things. Most religious art
therefore consisted of ornamental designs that
did not represent people or animals. The second
restriction discouraged the use of costly materials.
Islamic artists, therefore, worked mainly with
brass, clay, and wood. They learned to decorate
objects made of these less expensive materials so
skillfully that they looked as beautiful as silver or
gold.”
• “Islam inspired the creation of arabesques which
are very complicated designs. They can consist of
twisting patterns of vines, leaves, and flowers.
They can be made up of geometric shapes and
patterns of straight lines or have curving lines that
twist and turn over each other.”
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“570 C.E. Muhammad is born in Mecca. He comes from a noble family and is well-known for his honesty and
upright character.
610 C.E. At the age of 40, Muhammad is visited by the angel Gabriel while on retreat in a cave near Mecca.
The angel recites to him the first revelations of the Quran and informs him that he is God's prophet. Later,
Muhammad is told to call his people to the worship of the one God, but they react with hostility and begin to
persecute him and his followers.
622 C.E. After enduring persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrate to the nearby town of
Yathrib (later to be known as Medina), where the people there accepted Islam. This marks the "hijrah" or
"emigration," and the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad establishes an Islamic state
based on the laws revealed in the Quran and the inspired guidance coming to him from God. Eventually he
begins to invite other tribes and nations to Islam.
630 C.E. Muhammad returns to Mecca with a large number of his followers. He enters the city peacefully, and
eventually all its citizens accept Islam. The prophet clears the idols and images out of the Kaaba and
rededicates it to the worship of God alone.
633 C.E. Muhammad dies after an illness. The Muslim community elects his father-in-law and close associate,
Abu Bakr, as caliph, or successor.
638 C.E. Muslims enter the area north of Arabia, known as "Sham," including Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and
Iraq.
641 C.E. Muslims enter Egypt and rout the Byzantine army. Muslims consider their conquest as the liberation of
subjugated people, since in most instances they were under oppressive rule.
655 C.E. Islam begins to spread throughout North Africa.
661 C.E. Imam Ali is killed, bringing to an end the rule of the four "righteous caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman,
and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule.
711 C.E. Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is
under Islamic control.” (PBS.org)
Source: PBS.org
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“732 C.E. Muslims are defeated at Potiers in France by Charles Martel.
750 C.E. The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, shifting the seat of power to Baghdad.
1000 C.E. Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including Nigeria, which served as a trading
base between the northern and central regions of Africa.
1099 C.E. European Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims. Eventually Muslims defeat the Crusaders and
regain control of the holy land.
1120 C.E. Islam continues to spread throughout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them
about Islam.
1299 C.E. The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey.
1453 C.E. Ottomans conquer the Byzantine seat of Constantinople and change its name to Istanbul.
Circa 1800 C.E. Approximately 30 percent of Africans forced into slavery in the United States are Muslim.
1870-1924 C.E. Muslim immigrants from the Arab world voluntarily come to the United States until the Asian
Exclusion Act is passed in 1924. World War I ends with the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, which
was the last of the Islamic empires. Many regions populated by Muslims in Africa and Asia are colonized by
Europeans. Traditional religious ways of life are threatened and, in some cases, destroyed.
1948 C.E. The state of Israel is created. Some Palestinian and Lebanese refugees flee to the United States,
among them, Muslims and Christians.
1952 C.E. The McCarren-Walter Act relaxes the U.S. ban on Asian immigration. Muslim students come to the U.S.
from many nations.
1965 C.E. Revisions of immigration law further open the doors for Muslim immigration.
1975 C.E. Wallace D. Muhammad, the son of Elijah Muhammad, takes over leadership of the Nation of Islam
after his father's death and brings most of his followers into mainstream Islam. He later creates the Muslim
American Society, which attracts many members, most of whom are African-American.
1979 C.E. The Iranian Revolution results in the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the first attempt at an
Islamic state in the modern era.” (PBS.org)
Source: PBS.org
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEGDIkvlJHg
"Ali Bin Abi Talib." Ali Bin Abi Talib. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2015.
<http://sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph4.htm>. This source was important because it gave us some good
information on what Ali ibn Abi Talib did as a leader of the Muslim Empire.
Al-Islam.org. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. <http://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgarrazwy/uthman-third-khalifa-muslims#uthman-bin-affan-third-khalifa-muslims-644-656>.
• The purpose of this article is to discuss the caliph Uthman in depth. It goes over who he was, his place and date of birth, and
how he became a caliph as well as a few other things. This source is useful for informational purposes. While it isn’t a media
outlet, it could still be considered reliable because it’s information that comes from the Qur’an.
BBC News. BBC. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/muhammad_1.shtml>.
• The purpose of this article is to briefly introduce people to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The article mentions a few
circumstances regarding his birth, what he did for Islam, and what he did during his life. It also says a little bit about how
Muslims view Muhammad. This source is useful for research purposes and is reliable. There are no biases. The author presents
the information from an objective standpoint.
Elias, Abu A. "Muslims Avoid Harming People with Their Words and Deeds." Faith in Allah. N.p., 20 Dec. 2014. Web. 08 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.faithinallah.org/muslims-avoid-harming-people-with-their-words-and-deeds/#sthash.p7vKDmCz.dpuf>. This
source was very helpful because we got a direct quote from the Prophet Muhammad about how a Muslim does not harm others.
PBS. PBS. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/terror/background/6.html>.
• The purpose of this article is to provide some general information about Islam, including the demographics of today’s Muslims
and a few of their beliefs. It talks about the five pillars, the different types of Muslims, and the culture. This source is reliable
because it’s PBS and it is written without any biases. It’s helpful because it gives the basics of Islam without going into too much
detail about any particular subtopic.
PBS. PBS. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/muslims/timeline.html>.
• The purpose of this article is to provide a timeline of events, showing Islam’s history. It is a very detailed timeline, with events
ranging from births of significant religious figures to the oppression of many different Muslims. This source is unbiased. It is
helpful to people who have at least a basic understanding of Islam.
The Holy Quran: This source was very helpful because we got several quotes from it. These quotes were helpful in providing solid
evidence for our Stereotypes/Prejudices section
"Umar Bin Al-Khattab, the Second Khalifa of the Muslims." Al-Islam.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2015. <http://www.alislam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/umar-bin-al-khattab-second-khalifa>. This source
was very helpful because it gave us information on the 2nd caliph, Umer ibn Khattab.