Download Period 5

2012 8-2 Powerpoints
Period 5
Organic Compounds
Team 1: Mason, Aldo, Jarrod, Delaney
What is an Organic Compound?
• A natural compound that contains carbon.
Organic Compound Properties
Similarities-melting points (low)
-boiling points (low)
-odor (strong)
-electrical conductivity (not very well)
-solubility
-Don’t dissolve in water
Hydrocarbons
Anna Walden, Zaira Salas,
Cassady Surfleet
Cossey P.5
Chemical Formulas of Hydrocarbons
-differ in number of carbon and hydrogen
atoms in each molecule
-chemical formula includes the chemical
symbols
Properties of Hydrocarbons
-mix poorly with water
-flammable
-used for stoves, heaters, cars, buses,
airplanes
Hydrocarbons
-simplest organic compounds
-compound that only contains carbon
and hydrogen
-propane, butane, gasoline, methane
are hydrocarbons
Structure of hydrocarbons
• (Straight, Branched, or ring shaped)
•
•
Structural Formulas To show how atoms are arranged in the molecules of a compound, chemist use a
structural formula. A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
The Figure below shows the structural formulas for molecules of methane, ethane, and propane.
Each dash (---) represents a bond. In methane, each carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms. In
ethane and propane, each carbon atom is bonded to at least one carbon atom as well as to hydrogen
atoms.
H
H C H
H
By Sarah, Veronica, and Shaina
Isomers
• Definition: Compounds with the same
chemical formulas but are structured
differently
• Example: C4H10 can be butane or isobutane
Double and Triple Bonds
• Definition: A double bond is a chemical bond
formed when atoms share two pairs of
electrons
C=C
• A triple bond is a chemical bond formed when
atoms share three pairs of electrons
C≡C
Saturated and Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
By Shey Dorji, Kaitlyn Kimball, and
Leah maher
Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Only single bonds
• Ending in –ane
• each carbon is
saturated or filled up
with hydrogen
• Has the maximum
number of hydrogen
atoms possible on its
carbon chain.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Has double or triple
bonds with fewer
hydrogen atoms for
each carbon atom than
a saturated
hydrocarbon does.
• Name ending In
ene and –
• yne
-
By Sean McSwain, Sydney McGovern,
Daniela Flores, and Aurora Frommelt
Group 6
Substituted Hydrocarbons
•Substituted hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that
have at least one atom of hydrogen replaced by an
atom of another element
•If just one atom of another element is substituted for
a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a different
compound is created
•Carbon can form bonds with elements such as
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and the elements in the
halogen family
•There are different kinds of substituted
hydrocarbons like halogen-containing compounds,
alcohols, and organic acids
Compounds Containing Halogens
•Halogen-containing compounds are
substituted hydrocarbons that have at
least one halogen that replaces a
hydrogen
•One substituted hydrocarbon containing
halogens is Freon ( CCl₂F₂ ) which was
used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators
and air conditioners, but was banned
because it was found to damage the
environment
•Another compound containing halogens
is trichloroethane (C₂H₃Cl₃ ) which, even
though it can cause severe health
problems, is used in dry-cleaning
solutions
Alcohols and Organic Acids
By Carissa
Jackie
Rocendo
Cammie
Alcohols
• Each OH is made up of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen
atom , is called a hydroxyl group.
• An Alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that has one or
more hydroxyl groups
• Most alcohols dissolve well in H2O
• They have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons with
the same amount of carbons
• Alcohol Methanol (CH3OH) is a liquid at room temp. ,
while the hydrocarbon methane (CH4) is a gas
• Methanol(highly toxic) is used to make plastics, its also
used to de-ice the airplanes.
Alcohol
Alcohol Ethanol
• When a hydroxyl group is substituted for one hydrogen atom
in ethane, the result alcohol is ethanol (C2H5OH).
• Ethanol is also added to gasoline to make fuel.
• Ethanol is produced naturally by yeast, or bacteria in corn
wheat, and barley.
• It’s also used in medicine and in alcoholic drinks.
• When used for industrial proposes its unsafe to drink,
translation: it will kill you b/c poisonous mixtures have been
added.
•
Medicine
Organic Acids
•
•
•
•
Most fruits contain this chemical
Organic acid is a substitute for hydrocarbon
Organic acids are in many foods
Formic acid is the simplest organic acid and is
what causes the pain of an ant bite
Fruits and ant bites cause this.