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Ester
Created And Presented By:
Mackenzie Kayler
Katie Parry
Will Young
Kayla Massie
Period 7
Basic Structure
 Esters have a pair of alkyl or aromatic groups
connected to a hydrocarbon fragment
 Ester is created when an acid catalyst is present and
carboxylic acids are heated with alcohol.
 Acid and alcohol react to form water and ester.
Characteristics
 Different types of esters can be created by using
different types of acids and alcohol.
 Esters has very distinctive fruity smells and flavors.
 Ester is the reason why fruits like bananas, pears, and
many others have a smell or taste.
 Just like the other organic components Ester contains
carbon.
 They are often referred to by their common names.
Nomenclature
 Esters are named based on their carboxylic
acids.
 To name esters, it is easiest to recognize the
carboxylic acid and the alcohol the ester is
derived from.
 The first component of an ester name is the
alkyl group, which is substituted with an –yl
ending.
 The second component of an ester name is
the acyl group, is substituted with an –ate.
Nomenclature Practice
Mechanism 1
Mechanism of the Base Hydrolysis of Esters
This is the reaction of esters with water.
By hydrolyzing very complicated esters, we are
able to make soap.
The reaction with water is very slow, so it is
rarely used. Instead, we use a dilute acid so
the reaction will happen faster.
Mechanism 2
Reaction of LiAIH4 with an Ester
By using lithium aluminum hydride, we
are able to reduce esters to their
primary alcohols.
This compound is commonly used as a
reducing agent in organic synthesis.
Mechanism 3
Reaction of RMgX with an Ester
This reaction can also reduce the ester
down to its primary alcohol.
From using this reactant the alcohol that
results contains two identical alkyl groups.
Examples
 Vitamin C- made of Corbate, an internal ester.
Vitamin C is a soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits.
 Isoamyl Acetate- also known as the banana fragrance
or oil. The compound is a mixture of amyl pentyl
isomers.
 Benzyl acetate- oil of jasmine. Often used on the skin
to heal burns.
 Methyl Salicylate- Oil of wintergreen. Common in Winto-green lifesavers.
 Coumarin- found in lavender oil, sweet clover and
tonka beans.
Real World Importance




Aspirin is an ester also known as acetylsalicylic acid.
Aspirin is used for prevention of cerebro or stroke.
It is manufactured in factories in large quantities
It can be used as a analgesic or painkiller.
Real World Importance Cont.
 Millions of people take aspirin everyday.
 It is often called the “wonder drug” because it reduces pain,
fever and swelling.
 Not only does it lower the risk of heart attack, aspirin has been
found to lower the chances of developing cancer.
 It plays an important role in life because millions of people
depend on it as their main pain reliever. For many people, going
to the doctors is not an option due to financial reasons or not
having health care insurance. Aspirin is an affordable drug that
almost guarantees efficiency.
Real World Importance Cont.
 Without aspirin there would be more illnesses and
untreated pain throughout the world. Also, there
would be more deaths due to cancer, heart attacks,
and strokes.
 Life would be different because people would have to
spend more money on other medicines. Also, people
would be unhappy with having to use a least effective
product.
Multiple Choice Questions
 1. What does the general structure of an ester look
like?
A.
B.
C
D.
Multiple Choice Questions Cont.
2. What is not an example of an ester?
A. Smell of bananas C. Lavender Oil
B. Wintergreen Oil D. Smell of wood
3. What kind of odor do esters give off?
A. Fruity
C. Burned
B. Pungent
D. No odor
Multiple Choice Questions Cont.
4.What does acid connect with to make ester and
water?
A. Carbon
C. Alcohol
B. Hydrocarbon
D. Ammonium
5. Which is an example of how you would write the
name of an ester?
A. iron phosphate
C. diethyl ether
B. methyl propanoate
D. dimethylamine
Works Cited
 http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/51/19/1
829
 http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/index_2353/
Notes_Chapter_05.pdf
 http://faculty.uca.edu/mkelley/2450%20Web%20page
s/chapter_15/Some%20Examples%20of%20esters.ht
m
 http://www.chemistry-drills.com/functionalgroups.php?q=simple
 Http://www.chemguide.co.uk/orgpropsmenu.html
Work Cited Cont.
 http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicrevie
w/bp/2organic/2org_frame.html
 http://www.ivyrose.co.uk/Chemistry/Organic/Naming-Esters.php
 http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/orgnom/
esters/esters-01.html
 http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/cyerkes/Chem104A_BF
A05/Genchemref/nomenclature_rules.html
 http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/carey/stud
ent/olc/ch20reactionsesters.html