Download PLANTS

PLANTS
The plant kingdom is divided into
both non-vascular and vascular
plants.
All plants are eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
and non-mobile.
Flowering plants AKA
Angiosperms
Have specialized reproductive
organs called flowers
 Within the flower are the
 MALE stamen
 FEMALE pistil

In A Vascular
Plant…
1. Leaves
A: Functions
a. Makes and stores food for the plant
b. site of gas exchange like Oxygen and
Carbon Dioxide
1. Leaves… continued
c. Respiration
d. Photosynthesis
B. Tissues of the Leaf:
a. Cuticle: waxy substance that covers the
leaves and stems. Waterproof layer that keeps
water in plants
b. Stomata: openings mainly located on the
underside of leaves. Helps with exchange of gas
c. Vascular tissues: called vessels.
Examples are xylem and phloem.
2. Stem
A.
Functions
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
movement of materials (through xylem and
phloem)
Support flower & reproductive structures
Food storage
Xylem: the tissue that transports water &
nutrients UP from roots to stems and leaves
Phloem: tissue that transports food DOWN from
leaves to roots
Stem – carries substances between
the plant’s roots and leaves;
provides support for the plant
and holds up the leaves so they
are exposed to the sun.
Internal Structures


Xylem – vascular
tissue that carries
water and minerals
from the roots to
other parts of a
plant
Phloem – vascular
tissue that carries
food from leaves to
other parts of the
plant
3. Roots
A.
Functions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anchors the plant
Absorbs water &
minerals
Store food
(starches)
Can also support
some plants
External Structures

Roots – a structure that anchors a
plant in the ground, absorbs water
and minerals from the soil and
sometimes stores food in the form
of starch.
4. Flower
A.
a.
b.
c.
Function
Contains the
reproductive organs
for the plant
Produces fruit,
which protects,
nourishes and
carries seeds
Attracts insects for
pollination
Flower Continued
B. Parts of the Flower
a. sepal: outer covering of
the flower bud that
protects the stamens and
pistils when flower is in
the bud stage
b. Petals: brightly colored,
protects stamen &
pistils, attracts
pollinating insects
c. Stamen (male):
i. anther: produces pollen (sperm)
ii. Filament: supports the anther
d. Pistil (female):
i. ovary: enlarged portion at base of pistil,
Produces eggs/ovules which develop into seeds
ii. Stigma: holds the pollen grain
iii. Style: Connects the stigma with the
ovary, holds the stigma so that it cam be
pollinated
Parts of a Flower

Sepal – leaflike
structures that
protect the
developing flower
and are often
green
Petals – a colorful,
leaflike structure
of some flowers
Stamen
Made of
filament that
holds up anther
 The anther
produces the
pollen

Pistil
Has a sticky stigma
 Held up by the style
 The style connects
the stigma to the
ovary
 The ovary contains
the eggs

Pollination
Pollen sticks to the stigma and
falls down the style to the ovary
 The eggs are fertilized and
become seeds
 Then the ovary turns into a fruit.

Germination
Seed plants go through a variety of
developmental stages
 Beginining with germination of the
seed
 The seed contains the young plant
and stored food
 Germination requires water

Non-Vascular plants…
Are low growing
 Do not have roots
 Obtain water and materials directly
from their environment or nearby
cells

Transpiration – the process by
which water evaporates from a
plant’s leaf