Download Plants-Flowers

Plants
“Flowers”
6th Grade Science
4th Quarter
6.L.1
The Plant Kingdom
• This kingdom has organisms that
are multi-cellular, have cell walls
and chlorophyll, produce their
own food, and don’t physically
move from one place to another.
Plants: Grouped by
characteristics
• Vascular
– Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
• Roots can be different sizes:
– Fibrous and tap roots
• Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and
turnips
– Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, tak
water and minerals, and store food.
• Nonvascular
– Simple; most grow in moist places
– No vascular tissues.
What do plants do?
• All plants are alike in one way.
– They need three things in order to
survive
• Water
• carbon dioxide
• energy from sunlight
– What do you suppose the plants
Classify –
use these things for?
to sort into
groups
based on
similarities
and
differences
The Plant Kingdom
•
•
•
•
•
•
Photosynthesis
Plant Cell
Parts of a Flower
SOL Released Test Items
Vascular
Non-Vascular
Photosynthesis
• Plant cells produce their own
food through a process called
photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis allows plants to
convert light energy into food
energy.
Photosynthesis
• process by which CO2
and H2O in the presence
of light are converted to
sugar and oxygen
•
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwUVpOEoE4
Chemical formula
• 6CO2 + 6H2O
• -----> in reaction with
sunlight and chlorophyll
------>
• C6H12O6 (glucose) +
6O2
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/scienc
e/plants/photosynthesis.htm
food
• manufactured in the
leaves moves downward
through the stem to the
roots
–used by the plant
–stored in stem or root
and leaf in the form of
sugar, starch or protein.
 They turn it into sugar!
photosynthesis – a
process by which plants
change light energy from
the sun and use it to
make sugar

Plants and
some protists
conduct
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis
A movie of photosynthesis
 As a plant makes sugar, oxygen
is released
 When the plant uses the sugar,
water and carbon dioxide are
released.
chlorophyll – the green
substance found in plants
that traps energy from the
sun and gives plants their
green color
carbon dioxide – a gas
found in air
Plant Cell
chloroplasts
cell wall
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
vacuoles
– Because of this process
• Scientists are able to classify living things
by the way they get their food.
– Plants are producers (autotrophs)
producer – it is a living
thing that uses sunlight
to make sugar. This
sugar feeds others.
Respiration
• plants respire 24 hours a day
• Plants usually give off more
O2.
• consume some O2 and give
off some CO2
• plants produce more O2
through ps. Than they
consume during respiration
and growth.
Resipiration
• Humans will use most of the
oxygen given off by plants and
they will release CO2.
• Plants in return use the CO2
during photosynthesis
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/scienc
e/ecosystems/carbon-cycle.htm
Plants reproduce
differently
Reproduce – it
means “to make
more of the same
kind”
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds
Flowering
Plants
Conifers
Plants that do not make
seeds
Ferns
Mosses
a protective
covering that
surrounds
the seed
makes seeds.
makes the plant's
food.
anchor the
plant in place
and absorb
water and
other minerals
from the soil.
carries water and
food to the rest of the
plant.
How Do Flowers Make Seeds and
Fruits?
Great Plant EscapePlant parts Ovary – the bottom
part of the pistil
in which seeds
form
Ovule - the inner
part of an ovary
that contains an
egg
embryo – tiny part
of a seed that
can grow into a
new plant
How Seeds Form
• After fertilization the flower
dries up and petals fall off,
leaving just the pistil and its
ovary.
• The top of the pistil falls off and the
ovary gets larger as one or more seeds
form inside it.
• When the seeds are formed, the ovary
dries up and the seeds fall out.
• Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that
we eat
•
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/plants/plant
-with-seeds.htm
How Fertilization Occurs
• When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it
grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm
from the pollen grain combines with
an egg, and a seed forms.
Fertilization
– the
combination
of sperm from
a pollen grain
with an egg
to form a
seed
How Pollination Occurs
• Butterflies may carry pollen
from the stamen of one flower
to the pistil of the the same
flower. Sometimes the
butterfly may carry pollen from
the stamen of one flower to the
pistil of another flower of the
same kind.
• Pollen: Nothing to Sneeze At
Pollination- the
movement of pollen
• https://www.brainpop.com/scie
from a stamen to a nce/cellularlifeandgenetics/poll
pistil
ination/
Some flowering plants are
monoco
t seed –
a seed
that has
one
seed leaf
and
stored
food
outside
the seed
leaf
dicot seed – a
seed that has
two seed leaves
that contain
stored food
What is the Life Cycle of a
Flowering Plant
• Dormant Seed
– Takes in water and the
seed coat gets soft. If the
seed has enough oxygen
and the right temperature,
it will begin to germinate.
– https://www.brainpop.co
dormant – the
m/science/cellularlifeandg
resting stage of a
enetics/plantgrowth/ seed
Seed Reproduction
3
Germination
• A series of events that
results in the growth of a
plant from a seed is called
germination.
• Seeds will not germinate
until environmental
conditions are right.
• https://www.brainpop.com/
science/cellularlifeandgen
etics/pollination/
Seed Reproduction
3
Germination
• Temperature, the
presence or
absence of light,
availability of water,
and amount of
oxygen present
can affect
germination.
Seed Reproduction
3
Germination
• Germination begins when seed tissues
absorb water.
• This causes the seed to swell and the seed
coat to break open.
• Next, a series of chemical reactions occurs
that releases energy from the stored food in
the cotyledons or endosperm for growth.
Seed Reproduction
3
Germination
• Eventually, a root grows from the seed,
followed by a stem and leaves.
• Geminating Seed
– First a root pushes through the
seed coat and grows downward.
– The top part of the root grows
upward and becomes the stem.
The stem carries the seed coat
and the seed leaves with it. The
seed coat falls off. The seed
leaves provide food for the plant.
Two small leaves begin to grow
from between the seed leaves.
•
Seedling
When the stored food within the original seed leaves
is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves
grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller.
The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and
make sugar. Plants use the energy in the
sugar to grow.
https://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seed
nts/
Seed Reproduction
3
Seeds
• A seed consists of
an embryo, stored
food, and a
protective seed coat.
• The embryo has
structures that
eventually will
produce the plant’s
stem, leaves, and
roots.
Seed Reproduction
3
The Flower
• Most flowers have four main parts—petals,
sepals, stamen, and pistil.
Seed Reproduction
3
Seed Development
• Seeds of land plants are capable of surviving
unfavorable environmental conditions.
1. Immature plant
2.
3.
Cotyledon(s)
Seed coat
4. Endosperm
Seed Reproduction
3
Seed Dispersal
• Plants have many ways of dispersing their
seeds.
• Most seeds grow only when they are placed
on or in soil.
• They fall onto the soil from the parent plant
on which they grew.
Seed Reproduction
3
Seed Dispersal
•
In nature some seeds can be spread great distances from the
parent plant.
• Wind dispersal
• usually occurs
because a seed
has an attached
structure that
moves it with air
currents.
Seed Reproduction
3
Seed Dispersal
• Animals can disperse many seeds.
• Some seeds are eaten with fruits, pass
through an animal’s digestive system, and are
dispersed as the animal moves from place to
place.
• Attaching to fur, feathers, and clothing is
another way that seeds are dispersed by
animals.
Seed Reproduction
3
Seed Dispersal
• Water also disperses seeds.
• Raindrops can knock seeds out of a dry
fruit.
• Some fruits and seeds float on flowing
water or ocean currents.
Seed Reproduction
3
Importance of Flowers
• The appearance of a
plant’s flowers can tell you
something about the life of
the plant.
• Large flowers with brightly
colored petals often attract
insects and other animals.
Seed Reproduction
3
Importance of Flowers
• As they move about the flower, the animals
get pollen on their wings, legs, or other body
parts.
• Later, these
animals spread
the flower’s
pollen to other
plants that they
visit.
Seed Reproduction
3
Importance of Flowers
• Other flowers depend on wind, rain, or gravity to
spread their pollen.
• Their petals can be small or absent.
Parts of a plant
• Four basic parts
–leaves
–stems
–roots
–Flowers
– http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/sc
ience/plants/flowers.htm
What Are the Parts
of a Flower
• Most flowers have four
parts
Sepal – one of the leaf-like
parts that protects a flower
bud and that is usually green
– Flower parts
Pistil – part of a flower that
makes the eggs that grow
into seeds
Stamen – part of a flower
that makes pollen
Pollen – tiny grains that
make seeds when combined
with a flower’s egg
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The stamen consists of two parts: the anther and the filament.
The filament holds the anther.
The anther produces and carries the pollen.
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The pistil consists of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary.
The stigma is the sticky part that traps and holds the pollen.
The style is the tube-like structure that holds up the stigma.
The ovary and the ovule are at the bottom of the style.
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The petals attract pollinators.
(bees, hummingbirds, butterflies, for example)
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The sepals are the green petal-like parts at the base of the
flower. Sepals help protect the developing bud.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qKWw7JcXCY
Flowers, Fruits, and
Seeds
• pollination- color of flower attracts
insects to fertilize flower
– beginning of fruit and seed
formation
• fruits and seed are attractive to birds
who eat and spread seeds.
– Reproduces plant
– some seeds carried on animals coats
Parts of the
Flower
• differ in size, shape, and
color, some basic parts
• sepal
–green leaf-like part,
covers and protects
bud before opening
Petals
• are actually leaves
• usually bright colors to
attract pollinating
insects.
Parts of the
Flower
• stamens
–male part of flower
–has two parts
•filament-stalk
Anther
• anther- sac-like
structure on top of
filament, contains
pollen
Parts of the
Flower
• Pistil - female part
• in the center of flower
• has three parts
Pistil
• three parts
• stigma - top - sticky
• style - tube leading from
stigma to ovary
Ovary
• egg cells develop here
• grows to become fruit or
seedcoat