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Chapter 6
Lesson 3
How Are Plants Sorted Into Groups?
Vocabulary Preview
 Nonvascular plant: plant without
transport tubes to carry
water/nutrients throughout the plant
 Vascular plant: a plant with tubes to
carry water/nutrients throughout the
plant.
Vocabulary
 Xylem: vascular tissue that carries
water and nutrients from roots to
other parts of a plant
 Phloem: vascular tissue that carries
food from leaves to other parts of a
plant
Vocabulary
 Gymnosperm: a vascular plant that
produces seeds that are not
surrounded by fruit.
 Angiosperm: a flowering plant
whose seeds are surrounded by
fruit.
Nonvascular Plants
 Have you ever seen
a rock or log covered
with a moist, velvety
green plant?
 What you’ve seen
isn’t really a plant,
but many tiny moss
plants.
 Mosses are
nonvascular plants.
Mosses grow on rocks, on trees, and in
other places where they can absorb
nutrients and moisture.
Nonvascular Plants
 Nonvascular plants: don’t have true roots, but
are anchored into the ground by small root-like
structures.
 They have small, leaf-like structures that make food.
 But they aren’t true leaves because they have no
veins.
 Nonvascular plants don’t have any tissue for
carrying materials throughout the plant.
Nonvascular Plants
 absorb water and nutrients from their surroundings
 Water in the plant carries food/nutrients directly from cell to
cell. Because of this, they can’t grow tall.
 Since their small, they can absorb enough water to carry
throughout the plants.
 When there is not enough water, a nonvascular plant such as
moss quickly dries out and turns brown.
 When it rains, many mosses turn green again.
Vascular Plants
 Trees are more complex
than mosses.
 Trees belong to the
vascular plant group.
 Vascular Plants:
have tissues that support
the plant and carry
water/food.
 Roots, stems, and
leaves all contain
vascular tissue.
Vascular Plants
 There are 2 types of vascular tissue.
 Xylem: carries water/nutrients from roots to
other parts of a plant
 Phloem: carries food from leaves to the
rest of the plants (think phloem=food)
 With these tissues, vascular plants do not
rely on water moving to nearby cells only.
Venn Diagram:
Nonvascular and Vascular
Phloem and Xylem Song
 Sung to "This Old Man"
Xylem’s up, phloem’s down
Carrying food all around
Xylem takes it from the roots
Phloem transports sugary
food
Photosynthesis, you’ll
see
Makes the food for the
tree
CO2 and the sun
And chlorophyll, round
out the fun
In between them, you will
find
Cambium makes cells all the
time
Phloem’s closest to the bark
Xylem’s near the center part
Making food in the leaves
Glucose that is sugary
Xylem’s up, phloem’s
down
Carrying good food all
around!
Vascular Plants
 Vascular plants vary more than
nonvascular plants.
 They include: tiny duckweed, giant
redwood trees, cacti, and orchids
Xylem cells in the trunk of a tree transport water.
Phloem cells, just under the bark, transport food.
Each year, new layers of xylem and phloem grow.
Seed-Bearing Plants
 Have you ever seen a
pine tree with cones
hanging from its
branches?
 This is a vascular plant
that grew from a seed.
 The cones contained
seeds.
 Seeds enable plants to
grow.
 Seed plants don’t need
water for fertilization.
Seed-Bearing
 The seeds of pines are considered
“naked” because they are protected only
by a seed coat.
 This is in contrast to seeds that are
protected inside by a fruit.
 A plant that produces names seeds is a
gymnosperm.
What pine cone do you think is male?
HINT: The Male cone forms at the
bottom of the tree and is much
smaller!
Seed-Bearing Plants
 Gymnosperms are
different from flowering
plants, such as the apple
tree.
 Apple trees have flowers
instead of cones.
 Flowers produce seeds
inside the fruit.
 A flowering plant, which
has seeds protected by
fruit is an angiosperm.
Seed-Bearing Plants
 Seed development is more complex in
angiosperms.
 Their protected seeds have made it
possible for angiosperms to live in nearly
all parts of the world.
What the seeds look like!
•A little Justin Bieber to
help you remember!
Listen to this song and you will understand
the differences between:
*nonvascular and vascular
*angiosperm and gymnosperm