Download Sexual Reproduction of the Flowering Plant

Happy Thursday!
Please do the following:
• pick up the handouts
• pick up glue & a highlighter
• have out your notebook
Reproduction in
Bacteria, Plants and
Animals
Types of Reproduction:
ASEXUAL:
 Asexual reproduction involves a single
cell dividing to make 2 new, identical
daughter cells
 Examples: Mitosis, binary fission, and
budding
SEXUAL:
 Sexual reproduction involves two cells
(egg & sperm) joining to make a new cell
(zygote) that is NOT identical to the
original cells
 Example: Meiosis
Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria

Prokaryotes
such as
bacteria divide
into 2 identical
cells by the
process of
binary fission
Parent
cell
Chromosome
replicates
Cell splits
2 identical daughter cells
Sexual Reproduction of the
Flowering Plant
Structure of the flower
Function of floral parts


Sepal : To protect the
flower (and to prevent it
from drying out
Petals : To attract
insects to the flower for
pollination
Function of floral parts

Stamen : To produce
the pollen grains in the
anthers. (Each pollen
grain produces two
male gametes/sperm,
one of which can
fertilize an egg cell)
Function of floral parts -Stamen
Anther
• Produces pollen
Filament
• Holds the anther in place
Function of floral parts

Pistil : To produce the
ovules (Each ovule
contains an egg cell
inside an embryo sac)
Function of floral parts - Pistil
Stigma
• Where pollen lands
after pollination
Style
• Pollen travels down this
Ovary
• Contains ovules (eggs)
Pollination
Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of
a flower of the same species
Pollination
Self pollination
Cross pollination
• Transfer of pollen from
an anther to a stigma
of the same plant
• Transfer of pollen from
the anther to the stigma
of a different plant of
the same species
Animal (insect) pollination




Petals brightly colored,
scented with nectar
Small amounts of sticky
pollen
Anthers inside petals
Stigmas sticky, inside
petals
Wind pollination




Petals small, not
colored brightly
Anthers outside petals
Stigmas large, feathery
and outside petals
Pollen large numbers,
light, dry and small
Fertilization



Fertilization is the
fusion of the male (n)
and female (n)
gametes to produce
a zygote (2n)
The pollen grain
produces the male
gametes
Embryo sac
produces an egg cell
Seed Formation in Flowering Plants
• Sperm + Egg  Zygote
• The zygote grows
repeatedly by mitosis to
form an embryo which is
found within a seed
Fruit Formation


The ovule becomes the seed
The ovary becomes the fruit
Fruit Formation


A fruit is a mature
ovary that may contain
seeds
The process of fruit
formation is stimulated
by growth regulators
produced by the seeds
Fruit and Seed Dispersal

Need for dispersal
 Minimizes competition
for light, water etc.
 Avoids overcrowding
 Colonizes new areas
 Increases chances of
survival
Types of Dispersal
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wind
Water
Animal
Self
Germination

The re-growth of the
embryo after a period of
dormancy, if the
environmental conditions
are suitable




Water
Oxygen
Suitable temperature
Events in germination
cease when the plants
leaves have developed
and the plant has started
to photosynthesize
Review of the stages of sexual
reproduction in plants…
4
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Asexual reproduction
 Does not involve gametes, flowers, seeds or
fruits



examples: binary fission, fragmentation, spore
formation and budding
It involves only one parent and offspring are
genetically identical (have the same genetic
content) to the parent
So what happens?

Part of the plant becomes separated from the parent
plant and divides by mitosis to grow into a new plant
Plant Reproduction via Spores



Spore - a reproductive cell capable of developing
into a new individual without fusion with another
reproductive cell
Spores are different than seeds, they do not contain
plant embryos or food stores
A structure called sporangia produce the very tiny
spores


When the sporangia break open, the spores are released
and dispersed by water or wind…if the spore lands in a
suitable environment, it can grow into a tiny plant
Found in non-seed bearing plants such as mosses,
algaes, and ferns
Sexual Reproduction in Animals (Humans)
 Fertilization:
the fusion of two haploid
gametes (sperm and egg) forms a diploid
zygote
 One
set of chromosomes from mom
combines with one set of chromosomes
from dad to create a complete set of
chromosomes
The zygote is a
unique genetic
mixture of both
parents.
Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System

Testes – gamete-producing organs


Sperm travel from testes to the vas deferens and into
the urethra
Female Reproductive System


Ovaries – gamete-producing organs
Ovum (mature egg) moves from an ovary into a
fallopian tube


Takes about 3-4 days to travel through the fallopian tube –
if the ovum is not fertilized within 24-48 hours it dies
If fertilization occurs, the fertilized ovum (embryo)
develops in the uterus where it is provided
nutritional support