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Sexual Reproduction SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material between two individuals resulting in offspring that are genetically different from the parents -most species of plants and animals reproduce sexually GAMETE: a sex cell, either female or male, that can unite with another of form a fertilized cell (zygote) that can develop into a new individual -male gametes are called SPERM CELLS -female gametes are called EGG CELLS or OVA FERTILIZATION: the union of a female sex cell and a male sex cell - a ZYGOTE is first formed when the male a and female sex cells unite - the zygote then divides in two and the divisions repeated during a process called CLEAVAGE -the continued cell divisions result in an EMBRYO being formed -the new organism will show characteristics of both parents -the development of the embryo may occur inside OR outside the female parent. (examples) INSIDE- most mammals like human beings OUTSIDE- eggs of a chicken Sexual Reproduction in Plants Pollination: When pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma. This can occur within the same plant. Cross pollination: Is when the pollen is transferred from a different plant. Will get characteristics of both plants. Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction can produce a lot of individuals very quickly Two parents Offspring is genetically different than parent Do not produce as many individuals Takes a lot of energy and time Lots of variation One parent Produce Offspring Offspring is genetically identical to parent can be easily wiped out in poor conditions Questions: 1) What is a zygote? 2) What is cross pollination and how does it occur? 3) What is similar about egg and sperm cells? 4) Why is producing a seed sexual reproduction and producing a spore asexual? 5) Are the offspring in sexual reproduction identical to the parent?