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Transcript
What shapes an ecosystem? 4-1, 4-2 A Greenhouse effect • CO2, methane, water vapor trap heat energy • Maintains Earth’s temp range • Solar E is trapped, heat E doesn’t escape into space Latitude effects • Cause: Angle of sun’s heating and tilt of the earth • Effect: Earth has 3 major climate zones Polar Temperate Tropical Heat transport Habitat = address • Biotic factors: All other living things in the community • Abiotic factors: climate, temp, rainfall, nutrients, sunlight • Both determine survival and growth of organisms Niche = job • What it eats • Place in the food web • Physical conditions it needs to survive • How it reproduces Competition • No two species can share the same niche in the same habitat. • Ex: 3 types of warbler share the same tree, but feed at different places to decrease their competition Figure 4-5 Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches Section 4-2 Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Spruce tree Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches Succession • A series of predictable changes to an ecosystem, in response to natural or human disturbances • Primary: begins where no soil exists • Secondary: change after a disturbance like fire or farming Succession at Mt. St. Helens following a volcanic eruption Succession: from pioneer species to climax forest Lichens, moss create soil for succeeding plant species Marine succession • A whale dies and sinks to the ocean floor • Fishes will eat the meat • Amphipods, worms, bacteria complete the process of releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem