Download Chapter 4 - Waconia High School

Chapter 4
Ecosystems and Communities
The Role of climate
 Weather
 Day to day condition of the Earth’s
atmosphere at a particular time and
place
 Climate
 Average, year after year conditions of
temp and precipitation
 Caused by many factors
The Greenhouse Effect
 Carbon dioxide,
methane, water vapor,
and a few other
atmospheric gases
trap heat energy and
maintain Earth’s temp
range
 Light gets in and Heat
can’t get out
Ice age
Ice age
Ice age
What shapes an
ecosystem?
 Biotic factors
 Biological influences within an ecosystem
 The living things an organisms interacts with
 Abiotic factors
 Non-living factors that shape ecosystems
 Climate, temp, precip, humidity, etc
 Together biotic and abiotic factors determine
how well an organism and an ecosystem does.
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
 Habitat
 The area where an organism lives
 Includes abiotic and biotic factors
 Niche
 Full range of physical and biological
conditions in which an organism lives and the
way it uses those conditions
 The food it eats
 How it gets the food
 Where it gets the food
 Temp
 predators
Figure 4-5 Three Species of
Warblers and Their Niches
Section 4-2
Cape May Warbler
Feeds at the tips of branches
near the top of the tree
Bay-Breasted Warbler
Feeds in the middle
part of the tree
Spruce tree
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
Feeds in the lower part of the tree and
at the bases of the middle branches
No two species can
ever, ever, ever
occupy the SAME
niche. Competition
will have forced one
out (or made it dead)
Community Interactions
 Competition
 Organisms of the same or different
species want the same resource at the
same place and time
 Competitive exclusion principle
no two species can occupy the same
niche in the same habitat at the same
time
Relationships
 Niche
 Role an organism
plays in its
community
 Predator/Prey
 Herbivore/Carnivore
 Omnivore
 Detritivore/
Saprophyte
Community Interactions
 Predation
 One organism
captures and
feeds on
another
Community Interactions
 Symbiosis
 Relationship in which two species
live closely together
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
 parasitism
Mutualism
 Both species
benefit
 Flowers and
insects
Commensalism
 One benefits, the other
neither helped nor harmed
 barnacles
Parasitism
 One organism lives on or in
another
 weakens, but tries not to kill
the host
 Fleas, ticks, lice
The End