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Ecology part 1 1. What is the study of interactions between organisms and the environment? Ecology 2. Define biotic factor and give 2 examples. – -Living (or once living) organisms – -trees/plants – -animals/humans 3.Define abiotic factor and give 2 examples. • -nonliving parts of the environment • -metal • -plastic 4.What is the area an organism live in called? • habitat 5.What is another word for “role” of an organism? Give 2 examples. • -niche • -food gathering • -protection 6.Put the 6 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest and define each. organism population ecosystem Biome Biosphere 7.What 4 factors can affect an ecosystem? • • • • -climate change -human activity -change in population size -intro. Of nonnative species 8.What is the total sum of the variety of organisms in a biosphere called? • biodiversity 9.What 4 things can affect the previous answer? • • • • -alteration in habitat -hunting species to extinction -introducing poisons/toxins -introducing nonnative species 10.What is the # of various habitats, communities and ecological process in the world? • Ecosystem diversity 11.What is the definition of species diversity? • The variety of species in an area Woodland B 12. Define genetic diversity? • The total sum of ALL of the genes in the world 13. What are the 2 types of relationships between organisms? • -Predator-Prey • -Symbiosis 14. Which one is + for one organism but – because it results in death? • Predator-prey 15. Define symbiosis and list the 3 types. • -close & permanent relationship between 2 organisms (no killing) • -mutualism • -commensalism • -parasitism 16. What type of symbiosis is a win-win (++) relationship? Give 2 examples. • -mutualism • -Egyptian bird & Nile crocodile • -Bees & flowers 17. What type of symbiosis is beneficial for one organism, but doesn’t bother the other (+0)? Give 2 examples. • -commensalism • -Barnacles on a whale • -clown fish and anemone 18. What type of symbiosis is harmful (not directly deadly) for one organism and beneficial for the other (+-)? Give 2 examples. • -parasitism • -flea and dog • -tapeworm in humans 19. What does an autotroph make? • Its own food 20. What is another word for autotroph and basically who are autotrophs? • -producer • -plants 21. What is another word for consumer and where do they get their food? • -heterotrophs • -feeding on other organisms 22. Heterotrophs that eat: • Only plants- herbivores • Only animals- carnivores • Both animals and plants- omnivores 23. Animals that feed on dead animal bodies are known as • scavengers or detritivores • two examples are vultures and hyenas. 24. What are organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms? Give 2 and examples. • -Decomposers • -bacteria • -fungi 25. What shows only one path of energy flow? • Food chain 26. What shows ALL possible energy relationships? • Food web 27. Why are food webs more informational than food chains? • They represent nature better than food chains (several feeding relationships) 28. What is ALWAYS at the beginning of both food chains and food webs? • Producers/autotrophs 29. What are the most vital parts of the food web? • Producers and decomposers 30. What are the levels starting with primary? • primary to secondary to tertiary 31. What are the steps called? • Trophic level 32. What do arrows show? What don’t they show? • -direction of energy flow • -what an organism eats 33. What shows the amount of energy passed on in the food chain? • Energy pyramid 34. Comparatively, is more energy stored in the organism or lost as heat? • More is lost in heat 35. __% of energy is passed to the next level and __% is lost to heat and the environment. • 10% • 90% 36. If there is 100 grams of energy at the primary level, approximately, how much is going to be available at the secondary level? • 10grams 37. Where on the pyramid is the energy the MOST plentiful? • Producer/bottom