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DQ 81 1/26/09
Write a paragraph explaining how abiotic things can affect biotic
organisms. Use Haiti as an example, in your paragraph explain
what abiotic and biotic mean then explain how some abiotic
things affect biotic things in Haiti.
Ecology
Created by Mrs. Alldred
Definitions
• Organism- One living thing
• Population- Two or more of the same
species
• Community- Two or more species living in
the same area.
• Ecosystem- The living organisms &
nonliving things
• Biosphere- The world and all the living
things
Organism or population?
#1_____________
Community or population?
#2. ____________________
Population or ecosystem?
#3. ___________________________
Monkeys= community or
population?
#4. ______________________
Population or Biosphere?
#5. _______________________
Population or Community
#6. ________________________
Biotic and Abiotic
• Biotic- The living factors of an ecosystem
• Abiotic- The nonliving factors of an
ecosystem
Biotic or Abiotic?
1. ____________________________
Biotic or Abiotic?
2. _______________________
Biotic or Abiotic?
3. Biotic= _______________________
4. Abiotic= _______________________
Using the ocean ecosystem, list 4 biotic things and 4 abiotic
things, Make a T chart to show your information.
Biotic or abiotic
Biotic or abiotic?
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Relationships of organisms
Interactions
Symbiosis
Competition
More than one
Organism
living in one
habitat, fighting
for food & space
Usually one dies
off
Predation
When one
organism kills
another
A close
relationship
between two
species where
at least one
organism
benefits.
Predator - Prey Relationships
• Interact: Two or more organisms affect each
other
Type whether each organism is a predator or Prey
1
Lion-
Zebra-
2.
Fly-
Frog-
3.
Snake-
Rabbit-
4.
Robin-
Worm-
5.
Mouse-
Cat
6.
Cheetah-
Antelope-
7.
Develop your own
8.
Develop your own
Predator or Prey
Linx chasing Hare
Linx =
Hare=
Predator or Prey
Bear=
Salmon=
Predator or Prey
Frog=
Fly =
Defense strategies
•
•
•
•
•
Camouflage
Protective Covering
Warning colors
Mimicry
False coloring
#1
•Camouflage
•Protective Covering
•Warning colors
•Mimicry
•False coloring
Flounders have several effective defensive mechanisms. They have adapted to a
bottom-dwelling existence by moving both of their eyes to one side of their heads
(the left side, in this case) so that they have a low profile when lying flat on the bottom.
In addition, they may bury themselves in sand, so that only their eyes are visible.
And finally, they are capable of almost instanteous color changes, to match whatever
background they are laying on. (Bothus pantherinus)
#2
•Camouflage
•Protective Covering
•Warning colors
•Mimicry
•False coloring
#3
•Camouflage
•Protective Covering
•Warning colors
•Mimicry
•False coloring
This tiny fish (a sole) mimics very closely the appearance of a particular
toxic flatworm as it moves slowly across the sand –
and presumably gains some measure of protection from its disguise
#4
•Camouflage
•Protective Covering
•Warning colors
•Mimicry
•False coloring
Predators usually strike at the head end of potential prey, since most fish can
only swim straight ahead. By disguising its eye by means of a dark-colored band,
and in addition, adding a "false" eye spot near its tail, the raccoon butterflyfish may
fool a predator into striking at the wrong end of its body - allowing it to escape.
(Chaetodon lunula)
Relationships of organisms
Interactions
Symbiosis
Competition
More than one
Organism
Living in one
Habitat, fighting
For food & Space
Usually one dies
off
Predation
When one
organism kills
another
A close
relationship
between two
species where
at least one
organism
benefits.
Symbiosis
• Symbiosis is a close, long-term
association between two or more species,
at least one species benefits.
• Three types of Symbiosis
• 1. mutualism
• 2. commensalism
• 3. parasitism
Mutualism
• A relationship in which both
organisms benefit from each other.
3 way mutualism
A remarkable 3-way mutualism appears to have evolved between an ant, a
butterfly caterpillar, and an acacia in the American southwest. The
caterpillars have nectar organs which the ants drink from, and the acacia
tolerates the feeding caterpillars. The ants appear to provide some
protection for both plant and caterpillar
Mutualism
A large fish will literally pull into a “cleaning station,” which is nothing
more than an area where cleaner shrimp and fish live. Like Indy 500 pit
mechanics, the cleaners scramble from their crevasses and overhangs,
picking off parasites, algae, and detritus for the fish, while scoring an
easy meal. Often times the fish signals it willingness to be cleaned by its
sidewise positioning.
Commensalism
• Only one organism benefits and the other
organism is unaffected by the relationship.
• Usually rare in nature: Usually at least one
organism is harmed.
Commensalism
Remors attached to a sea turtle
Shark and remoras
Parasitism
• A relationship where one organism
benefits while the other organism is
harmed.
Parasitism
a tomato hornworm is covered with cocoons of pupating braconid wasps. The
braconid wasp is considered a parasitoid of the hornworm because it causes
the hornworm to die as it pupates. By the time the wasps undergo
metamorphosis, all of the hosts insides have been digested, thus by the time
they are ready to pupate, the caterpillar will die.
Parasitism
Visual representation
Fish A
Fish B
Each set of fish represent a relationship, what type?
Commensalism, parasitism, Mutualism
Fish C
#1 Corn leaf aphid
Lamprey on fish
2. What type of relationship does the lamprey have with the
fish?
3. Lichens are formed by algae and fungi living together. Algae can
photosynthesise and make food which is shared by the fungus. The
fungus in turn shelters the algae from a harsh climate. This kind of
mutually beneficial co-operative relationship is called _________
4. A tapeworm lives inside another animal, attaching itself to the host's
gut and absorbing its host's food. The host loses nutrition, and may
develop weight loss, diarrhea and vomiting. This kind of one-sided
symbiosis is called __________________
Fish & Sea anemone
5. Clown Fish has special substance in its skin to keep it from
getting paralyzed and it is protected from predators and the fish
attracts food for the sea anemone , what type of relationship is
this? ___________
6. Moth & flower
Bird poop & seeds
7. What type of relationship?
8. Hippo & Oxpeckers
The birds get a easy ride and snacks by eating the ticks on the hippos.
#8. Large intestine and bacteria
make vitamin K
Habitat vs Niches
• Habitat- The place in
which an organism
lives. (Rainforest and
monkeys)
• Niches- the
organism’s role in its
environment or
habitat.
• May include: how the
organism obtains food
& shelter, finds a
mate, cares for its
young & avoids
danger.
Niches
• Ex: worms eating
• Rotten log
through the log
• EX: algae growing
• Ex: termite making
tunnels
• EX: Millipedes feed
on moss and hide
under a log
• EX: Wolf spider
catches insects on log