Substrate specificity of epiphytic communities of diatoms
... active substrates, should have a direct influence on associated epiphyton. However, some studies favoured the neutral substrate hypothesis. Thus the relationship between host plant and epiphytic community remained unresolved. This Master´s thesis focused on the basal question that numerous previous ...
... active substrates, should have a direct influence on associated epiphyton. However, some studies favoured the neutral substrate hypothesis. Thus the relationship between host plant and epiphytic community remained unresolved. This Master´s thesis focused on the basal question that numerous previous ...
Where do schistosomes lay fertilized eggs? A. bronchial tubes B
... E. Hymenolepis nana ANSWER: E How is a first-order consumer like a second-order consumer? A. Both pass on the same amount of energy to the next trophic level B. Both tend to be herbivores that produce nutrients for plants C. Both are able to convert organic compounds to ATP without the loss of energ ...
... E. Hymenolepis nana ANSWER: E How is a first-order consumer like a second-order consumer? A. Both pass on the same amount of energy to the next trophic level B. Both tend to be herbivores that produce nutrients for plants C. Both are able to convert organic compounds to ATP without the loss of energ ...
Plasticity of Hatching in Amphibians: Evolution, Trade
... many newly hatched larvae do not eat. Developing embryos basically absorb water and re-organize the resources provided by the egg. Moreover, they do not lose access to those resources at hatching; they carry their remaining yolk reserves into posthatching life. This is fundamentally different from p ...
... many newly hatched larvae do not eat. Developing embryos basically absorb water and re-organize the resources provided by the egg. Moreover, they do not lose access to those resources at hatching; they carry their remaining yolk reserves into posthatching life. This is fundamentally different from p ...
The Blue Crab: Diseases, Parasites and Other Symbionts
... (1997). Briefly, “prevalence” is the number of infected hosts divided by the total number of hosts examined, usually expressed as a percentage. “Intensity” is the number of parasites infecting a host, with “mean intensity” representing the mean number of parasites per infected host. “Density” refers ...
... (1997). Briefly, “prevalence” is the number of infected hosts divided by the total number of hosts examined, usually expressed as a percentage. “Intensity” is the number of parasites infecting a host, with “mean intensity” representing the mean number of parasites per infected host. “Density” refers ...
Parasites and diseases - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
... (1997). Briefly, “prevalence” is the number of infected hosts divided by the total number of hosts examined, usually expressed as a percentage. “Intensity” is the number of parasites infecting a host, with “mean intensity” representing the mean number of parasites per infected host. “Density” refers ...
... (1997). Briefly, “prevalence” is the number of infected hosts divided by the total number of hosts examined, usually expressed as a percentage. “Intensity” is the number of parasites infecting a host, with “mean intensity” representing the mean number of parasites per infected host. “Density” refers ...
Intraspecific Variation in Microbial Symbiont
... some cases, however, local environmental conditions may drive intraspecific differences in sponge microbial community structure. For example, microbial symbionts of Mycale hentscheli differed over spatial and temporal scales (20) and symbionts of Petrosia ficiformis differed by location within the M ...
... some cases, however, local environmental conditions may drive intraspecific differences in sponge microbial community structure. For example, microbial symbionts of Mycale hentscheli differed over spatial and temporal scales (20) and symbionts of Petrosia ficiformis differed by location within the M ...
2014 Ant Venom Review Toxicon v9
... classified into three main groups; (i) linear, (ii) dimeric and (iii) inhibitor cystine knot (ICK)- ...
... classified into three main groups; (i) linear, (ii) dimeric and (iii) inhibitor cystine knot (ICK)- ...
An Introduction - University of Georgia
... including: geologic structure; the influence of past and present geomorphic processes (e.g., flowing water, glaciation, slope, etc.); and, length of time over which the processes occur. These in turn influence landform which exerts a major influence on various hydrologic characteristics of aquatic h ...
... including: geologic structure; the influence of past and present geomorphic processes (e.g., flowing water, glaciation, slope, etc.); and, length of time over which the processes occur. These in turn influence landform which exerts a major influence on various hydrologic characteristics of aquatic h ...
A review of the anti-predator devices of spiders*
... Thomas (1953) and Wise (1993). (For earlier references, see Warburton, 1909). The major predators of spiders fall into two categories: (a) those about the same size as their prey (mainly arthropods) and (b) those much larger than their prey (mainly vertebrates): against each of which different types ...
... Thomas (1953) and Wise (1993). (For earlier references, see Warburton, 1909). The major predators of spiders fall into two categories: (a) those about the same size as their prey (mainly arthropods) and (b) those much larger than their prey (mainly vertebrates): against each of which different types ...
Skippers in Utah - Utah Lepidopterists' Society
... Rearing Banded Admirals vs. Viceroys Strategic Similarities •Collecting and Obtaining ova from live females (Setting up oviposition cage) •How to recognize immatures on host—ova, pre-diapausal larvae, hibernacula •Insuring that ova hatch in the lab and do not desiccate •Exposing freshly-molted secon ...
... Rearing Banded Admirals vs. Viceroys Strategic Similarities •Collecting and Obtaining ova from live females (Setting up oviposition cage) •How to recognize immatures on host—ova, pre-diapausal larvae, hibernacula •Insuring that ova hatch in the lab and do not desiccate •Exposing freshly-molted secon ...
Measuring the Impact of Biotic Factors on Populations of Immature
... single release of 200 females and 100 males. Twenty females were placed on each of the 5 remaining emerald ash borer cohort trees and the remainders were placed on 5 other nearby ash trees. At each release, snap-capped plastic vials (37 ml) containing adults of T. planipennisi or S. agrili were Þrst ...
... single release of 200 females and 100 males. Twenty females were placed on each of the 5 remaining emerald ash borer cohort trees and the remainders were placed on 5 other nearby ash trees. At each release, snap-capped plastic vials (37 ml) containing adults of T. planipennisi or S. agrili were Þrst ...
DEPARTAMENT DE ZOOLOGIA BIODIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF PARASITE BOOPS BOOPS
... parasite faunas were diverse, comprising c. 30-50% of the parasites of B. boops throughout its distributional range, except in Valencia and Barcelona where faunal richness was notably lower. A characteristic feature of the parasite communities in B. boops was the high representation of parasites wit ...
... parasite faunas were diverse, comprising c. 30-50% of the parasites of B. boops throughout its distributional range, except in Valencia and Barcelona where faunal richness was notably lower. A characteristic feature of the parasite communities in B. boops was the high representation of parasites wit ...
MacNeil, Calum, Jaimie T. A. Dick, Mark P. Johnson, Melanie J
... With field, laboratory, and modeling approaches, we examined the interplay among habitat structure, intraguild predation (IGP), and parasitism in an ongoing species invasion. Native Gammarus duebeni celticus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are often, but not always, replaced by the invader Gammarus pulex thr ...
... With field, laboratory, and modeling approaches, we examined the interplay among habitat structure, intraguild predation (IGP), and parasitism in an ongoing species invasion. Native Gammarus duebeni celticus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are often, but not always, replaced by the invader Gammarus pulex thr ...
Abiotic and Biotic Factors Regulating Inter
... While research in this arena is still in its infancy, early data indicate bacteria associated with decomposing remains could be a major factor regulating these behaviors. In fact, those abiotic factors previously listed that are known to impact insect behavior are also factors regulating microbial a ...
... While research in this arena is still in its infancy, early data indicate bacteria associated with decomposing remains could be a major factor regulating these behaviors. In fact, those abiotic factors previously listed that are known to impact insect behavior are also factors regulating microbial a ...
Planktivory as a selective force for reproductive synchrony and larval
... 1994. Four species of crabs (Sesarma retjculatum, Uca pugnax. U. pugdator, Dyspanopeus say13 also were abundant there a n d released larvae from mid J u n e to September. These crabs did not release larvae randomly, rather larval release peaked during NMAHT when strong e b b tides transported 97.7 o ...
... 1994. Four species of crabs (Sesarma retjculatum, Uca pugnax. U. pugdator, Dyspanopeus say13 also were abundant there a n d released larvae from mid J u n e to September. These crabs did not release larvae randomly, rather larval release peaked during NMAHT when strong e b b tides transported 97.7 o ...
- Wiley Online Library
... respectively). In this review we discuss all three types of Cendophyte with a focus on Type III C-endophytes, because they – like the NC-endophytes treated here – grow within plant tissues without manifesting symptoms of disease. Transmission of Class 1 endophytes is primarily vertical, with materna ...
... respectively). In this review we discuss all three types of Cendophyte with a focus on Type III C-endophytes, because they – like the NC-endophytes treated here – grow within plant tissues without manifesting symptoms of disease. Transmission of Class 1 endophytes is primarily vertical, with materna ...
Integrating Above and Belowground Components of Biodiversity
... endosymbionts, which form associations with an estimated two thirds of terrestrial plant species. Their extra-radical mycelium extends throughout the soil and absorbs nutrients that are transferred to their host plant in exchange for a purely phytogenic carbon supply. Due to their ubiquity and their ...
... endosymbionts, which form associations with an estimated two thirds of terrestrial plant species. Their extra-radical mycelium extends throughout the soil and absorbs nutrients that are transferred to their host plant in exchange for a purely phytogenic carbon supply. Due to their ubiquity and their ...
- Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
... Unidirectional CI is most frequent and usually occurs between males infected with a single strain or female without any strain of Wolbachia. While the bidirectional CI have been reported only in the condition when both partners are infected with the same Wolbachia strains. The reason of wide spreadi ...
... Unidirectional CI is most frequent and usually occurs between males infected with a single strain or female without any strain of Wolbachia. While the bidirectional CI have been reported only in the condition when both partners are infected with the same Wolbachia strains. The reason of wide spreadi ...
Synthesizing specificity: multiple approaches to understanding the
... The concept of specificity in plant–herbivore and plant– pathogen interactions excites plant pathologists, molecular biologists and animal ecologists alike. This excitement grows out of the notion that individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in a way that sha ...
... The concept of specificity in plant–herbivore and plant– pathogen interactions excites plant pathologists, molecular biologists and animal ecologists alike. This excitement grows out of the notion that individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in a way that sha ...
Palaeoecological perspectives in Dominican amber (PDF
... Both are closely related to two members of the hamulus clade residing today in Hispaniola. This is especially interesting since radiocarbon dating of copal samples from Cotui revealed ages between 200 and 300 years. Was a few hundred years does long enough for phyletic extinction and speciation to o ...
... Both are closely related to two members of the hamulus clade residing today in Hispaniola. This is especially interesting since radiocarbon dating of copal samples from Cotui revealed ages between 200 and 300 years. Was a few hundred years does long enough for phyletic extinction and speciation to o ...
host plants mediate omnivore–herbivore interactions
... June). After 20–30 growing days, lima bean plants begin to flower and produce pods in groups of three per node on an indeterminate raceme (Wooten 1994, Nesci 1996). Plants continue to produce hundreds of pods until senescence, ;60 d after planting (Wooten 1994). The presence or absence of pods is on ...
... June). After 20–30 growing days, lima bean plants begin to flower and produce pods in groups of three per node on an indeterminate raceme (Wooten 1994, Nesci 1996). Plants continue to produce hundreds of pods until senescence, ;60 d after planting (Wooten 1994). The presence or absence of pods is on ...
No insects attract public - Indiana University Bloomington
... There are many other types of cicadas around the world, but they are not periodical. Periodical cicadas (scientific name Magicicada) are classified in the Homoptera, a large group of insects that suck sap from plants. Aphids (or plant lice) are another common type of Homoptera. Homoptera are just on ...
... There are many other types of cicadas around the world, but they are not periodical. Periodical cicadas (scientific name Magicicada) are classified in the Homoptera, a large group of insects that suck sap from plants. Aphids (or plant lice) are another common type of Homoptera. Homoptera are just on ...
Imperfect mimicry - Nottingham ePrints
... Mimicry and brightly coloured aposematic patterns have been discussed by biologists from three very different points of view, each making unrealistic assumptions about aspects of the other two (Mallet & Joron, 1998). The most obvious in the voluminous literature (see Komarek, 1998) is the insect nat ...
... Mimicry and brightly coloured aposematic patterns have been discussed by biologists from three very different points of view, each making unrealistic assumptions about aspects of the other two (Mallet & Joron, 1998). The most obvious in the voluminous literature (see Komarek, 1998) is the insect nat ...
Hossie, T.J., Sherrat, T.N. (2012)
... A wide range of animals possess conspicuous eye-like markings on their bodies, commonly called ‘eyespots’. These markings are generally thought to serve an antipredator function, particularly in lepidopteran caterpillars where eyespots may mimic the eyes of their enemies’ predators. Despite this, th ...
... A wide range of animals possess conspicuous eye-like markings on their bodies, commonly called ‘eyespots’. These markings are generally thought to serve an antipredator function, particularly in lepidopteran caterpillars where eyespots may mimic the eyes of their enemies’ predators. Despite this, th ...
plant endophyte in food chain – friend or foe?
... Natural communities involve complex interactions among a number of species. The term ‘symbiosis’, Greek for “life together”, is commonly defined as a close and often longterm interaction between different species. Since its first use by de Bary (1887), the term has been applied to a wide range of bi ...
... Natural communities involve complex interactions among a number of species. The term ‘symbiosis’, Greek for “life together”, is commonly defined as a close and often longterm interaction between different species. Since its first use by de Bary (1887), the term has been applied to a wide range of bi ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.