The fine line between mutualism and parasitism: complex effects in
... Branchiobdellids are ectosymbionts associated with crayfish throughout the holarctic region (Fig. 1; Gelder 1999). Previous experiments that manipulated branchiobdellid abundance revealed positive effects of the worms on crayfish growth and reduced crayfish mortality with increasing worm densities ( ...
... Branchiobdellids are ectosymbionts associated with crayfish throughout the holarctic region (Fig. 1; Gelder 1999). Previous experiments that manipulated branchiobdellid abundance revealed positive effects of the worms on crayfish growth and reduced crayfish mortality with increasing worm densities ( ...
The fine line between mutualism and parasitism: complex effects in
... Branchiobdellids are ectosymbionts associated with crayfish throughout the holarctic region (Fig. 1; Gelder 1999). Previous experiments that manipulated branchiobdellid abundance revealed positive effects of the worms on crayfish growth and reduced crayfish mortality with increasing worm densities ( ...
... Branchiobdellids are ectosymbionts associated with crayfish throughout the holarctic region (Fig. 1; Gelder 1999). Previous experiments that manipulated branchiobdellid abundance revealed positive effects of the worms on crayfish growth and reduced crayfish mortality with increasing worm densities ( ...
Further HOW TO BE A FIG 19104 Ficus
... host-specificity). The mere application of single hormone-like chemicals (e.g. naphthaleneacetic acid) to unpollinated Ficus carica figs will prevent their abortion (23). I suspect that the wasp or its larva manipulates the fig tree in the same manner. Since the normal course of events is to abort u ...
... host-specificity). The mere application of single hormone-like chemicals (e.g. naphthaleneacetic acid) to unpollinated Ficus carica figs will prevent their abortion (23). I suspect that the wasp or its larva manipulates the fig tree in the same manner. Since the normal course of events is to abort u ...
yellow crazy ants in the wet tropics
... More ants mean more ant-mouths to feed, so yellow crazy ants can’t afford to be picky about their sources of protein. We don’t know how many insect species occur in the Wet Tropics – one study of five sites along one range found more than 4000 – but if you watch yellow crazy ants in the rainforest b ...
... More ants mean more ant-mouths to feed, so yellow crazy ants can’t afford to be picky about their sources of protein. We don’t know how many insect species occur in the Wet Tropics – one study of five sites along one range found more than 4000 – but if you watch yellow crazy ants in the rainforest b ...
Butterflies - Oxford 1st Grade
... warning to predators that the butterfly is poisonous. By imitating these colorings other butterflies profit from the deterrent effect (mimicry). Other butterflies look like "scaring" insects such as wasps or hornets. But not only this way predators are frightened and fooled. Big "eyes" appearing sud ...
... warning to predators that the butterfly is poisonous. By imitating these colorings other butterflies profit from the deterrent effect (mimicry). Other butterflies look like "scaring" insects such as wasps or hornets. But not only this way predators are frightened and fooled. Big "eyes" appearing sud ...
HOW TO BE A FIG - University of Pennsylvania
... host-specificity). The mere application of single hormone-like chemicals (e.g. naphthaleneacetic acid) to unpollinated Ficus carica figs will prevent their abortion (23). I suspect that the wasp or its larva manipulates the fig tree in the same manner. Since the normal course of events is to abort u ...
... host-specificity). The mere application of single hormone-like chemicals (e.g. naphthaleneacetic acid) to unpollinated Ficus carica figs will prevent their abortion (23). I suspect that the wasp or its larva manipulates the fig tree in the same manner. Since the normal course of events is to abort u ...
as a PDF
... weeks. Also occupying florets and developing within the fig are members of a large, poorly known community of non-pollinating wasps nearly as specialized to the fig as are the pollinators themselves. When the pollinator offspring reach adulthood, they mate within the fig. Females then actively colle ...
... weeks. Also occupying florets and developing within the fig are members of a large, poorly known community of non-pollinating wasps nearly as specialized to the fig as are the pollinators themselves. When the pollinator offspring reach adulthood, they mate within the fig. Females then actively colle ...
Download Tech Report #129. Smith, C. W., J. Denslow, and S. Hight. Sept. 2002. Proceedings of a workshop on biological control of invasive plants in native Hawaiian ecosystems
... ~m1~~a~relyeradi~ati0n]~sive-ed~ov~mi~~acreageand-ime~~ibleterrain in perpetuity. Yet the technique is far from a panacea. Many years of exploration and host-range testing are necessary before a potential control agent can be brought to the point of release. Limitations of quarantine space and perso ...
... ~m1~~a~relyeradi~ati0n]~sive-ed~ov~mi~~acreageand-ime~~ibleterrain in perpetuity. Yet the technique is far from a panacea. Many years of exploration and host-range testing are necessary before a potential control agent can be brought to the point of release. Limitations of quarantine space and perso ...
Pereskia stem-wilter Biological control agent against Pereskia
... schaffneri) is a biological control agent against Pereskia. It is an insect that naturally occurs in Brazil where it feeds exclusively on Pereskia. Host specificity testing has confirmed that the stem-wilter can only survive on Pereskia. Eggs are black-brown and laid in batches of up to 30 on any ro ...
... schaffneri) is a biological control agent against Pereskia. It is an insect that naturally occurs in Brazil where it feeds exclusively on Pereskia. Host specificity testing has confirmed that the stem-wilter can only survive on Pereskia. Eggs are black-brown and laid in batches of up to 30 on any ro ...
the ecological consequences of variation in plants
... June). After 20–30 growing days, lima bean plants begin to flower and produce pods in groups of three per node on an indeterminate raceme (Wooten 1994, Nesci 1996). Plants continue to produce hundreds of pods until senescence, ;60 d after planting (Wooten 1994). The presence or absence of pods is on ...
... June). After 20–30 growing days, lima bean plants begin to flower and produce pods in groups of three per node on an indeterminate raceme (Wooten 1994, Nesci 1996). Plants continue to produce hundreds of pods until senescence, ;60 d after planting (Wooten 1994). The presence or absence of pods is on ...
Biological Conservation 141:601-609
... The Galápagos Islands of Ecuador have served as an excellent model system for the study of ecology and evolution (Grant, 1999; Wikelski, 2005; Arbogast et al., 2006). However, an increasing number of invasive species are threatening native biotas (Wikelski et al., 2004; Causton et al., 2006; Parker ...
... The Galápagos Islands of Ecuador have served as an excellent model system for the study of ecology and evolution (Grant, 1999; Wikelski, 2005; Arbogast et al., 2006). However, an increasing number of invasive species are threatening native biotas (Wikelski et al., 2004; Causton et al., 2006; Parker ...
Natural enemies and environmental factors affecting the population
... and environmental impacts to forests in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Compared with the situation in its native European range feeding damage by gypsy moth is often found to be more severe in North America and other parts of the world. Thus, the release from natural enemies can be interpre ...
... and environmental impacts to forests in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Compared with the situation in its native European range feeding damage by gypsy moth is often found to be more severe in North America and other parts of the world. Thus, the release from natural enemies can be interpre ...
GET PDF - College of the Holy Cross
... plasticity to take better advantage of scarce exogenous food. Herrera et al. (1996) predicted that plasticity may be more important, but more difficult to express, in larvae that develop from smaller eggs. One recent study (Podolsky and McAlister, 2005) found support for this prediction among ophiur ...
... plasticity to take better advantage of scarce exogenous food. Herrera et al. (1996) predicted that plasticity may be more important, but more difficult to express, in larvae that develop from smaller eggs. One recent study (Podolsky and McAlister, 2005) found support for this prediction among ophiur ...
Brown-headed Cowbirds - American Birding Association
... guess that the interloper is a female Brown-headed Cowbird, the world’s most intensely studied brood parasitic bird, i.e., a bird that deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds (its “hosts”), which then raise the parasitic offspring. If I mentioned that the parasitized host in the event I have d ...
... guess that the interloper is a female Brown-headed Cowbird, the world’s most intensely studied brood parasitic bird, i.e., a bird that deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds (its “hosts”), which then raise the parasitic offspring. If I mentioned that the parasitized host in the event I have d ...
Cannibalism amplifies the spread of vertically transmitted pathogens
... of all three modes: vertical, horizontal, and cannibalistic transmission. In all models, we ask how is infection prevalence (I/N) at equilibrium affected by the rate of cannibalism, a, expressed by the hosts? See Table 1 for parameter symbols used in all models. First, we develop a conceptual model ...
... of all three modes: vertical, horizontal, and cannibalistic transmission. In all models, we ask how is infection prevalence (I/N) at equilibrium affected by the rate of cannibalism, a, expressed by the hosts? See Table 1 for parameter symbols used in all models. First, we develop a conceptual model ...
Relative Suitability of Virginia Pine and Loblolly Pine as Host
... average number of mites found in each type of subplot (O. minus or non-O. minus) by the total area of that type within the larger 250-cm2 plot, and then adding the results of the two types of subplots. For each bark sample, we also calculated larval survival as pupae/ hatched larvae; hatched larvae/ ...
... average number of mites found in each type of subplot (O. minus or non-O. minus) by the total area of that type within the larger 250-cm2 plot, and then adding the results of the two types of subplots. For each bark sample, we also calculated larval survival as pupae/ hatched larvae; hatched larvae/ ...
endophytic fungi are not welcome in leaf
... electronic supplementary material 3) in the presence and absence of the ants’ fungal cultivar. Interactions were set up as described above, with each endophyte strain growing with a plug of the ants’ cultivar, an empty plug or alone. A third experiment was designed to confirm the results of the seco ...
... electronic supplementary material 3) in the presence and absence of the ants’ fungal cultivar. Interactions were set up as described above, with each endophyte strain growing with a plug of the ants’ cultivar, an empty plug or alone. A third experiment was designed to confirm the results of the seco ...
Landscape effects on insect pests of Dracaena marginata
... Finally, to all the people of Costa Rica, who thorough their contributions make possible programs such the Programa de Reconversión Productiva of the CNP who funded this ...
... Finally, to all the people of Costa Rica, who thorough their contributions make possible programs such the Programa de Reconversión Productiva of the CNP who funded this ...
The effects of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and
... increase in abundance. Two additional guilds showed evidence of suppression by both native and Argentine ants: leaf damage by skeletonising insects was reduced by 50%, but there was no significant difference in the extent of suppression by native and Argentine ants. Additionally, leaf-mining insects ...
... increase in abundance. Two additional guilds showed evidence of suppression by both native and Argentine ants: leaf damage by skeletonising insects was reduced by 50%, but there was no significant difference in the extent of suppression by native and Argentine ants. Additionally, leaf-mining insects ...
introduction to the study of entomology
... myriapodologists, and crustaceans are studied by carcinologists (also known as malacostracologists or crustaceologists). Recent phylogenetic studies have placed organisms previously included in the class Insecta, such as diplurans (order Diplura), proturans (order Protura) and springtails (order Col ...
... myriapodologists, and crustaceans are studied by carcinologists (also known as malacostracologists or crustaceologists). Recent phylogenetic studies have placed organisms previously included in the class Insecta, such as diplurans (order Diplura), proturans (order Protura) and springtails (order Col ...
The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw
... triangular (long or short), forcep-like, or plier-like mandibles that can not open beyond 60 - 90° (static mandibles sensu BOLTON 1999). Each mandibular form is correlated with discrete predatory modes of action (use of sting and speed of attack) (BOLTON 1999). Despite the variation in mandible morp ...
... triangular (long or short), forcep-like, or plier-like mandibles that can not open beyond 60 - 90° (static mandibles sensu BOLTON 1999). Each mandibular form is correlated with discrete predatory modes of action (use of sting and speed of attack) (BOLTON 1999). Despite the variation in mandible morp ...
stability of terrestrial ecosystems as to pest organisms
... birds peck acorns, but a part of them slips out from their paws and falls on the soil surface, where they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2. ...
... birds peck acorns, but a part of them slips out from their paws and falls on the soil surface, where they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2. ...
COMMENSALISM AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE
... Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, for their species identifications of the octocoral-associated brittle star Ophiocreas oedipus. Much appreciation goes to the graduate students, faculty, and staff of the Darling Marine Center, without whom this research would have been un ...
... Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, for their species identifications of the octocoral-associated brittle star Ophiocreas oedipus. Much appreciation goes to the graduate students, faculty, and staff of the Darling Marine Center, without whom this research would have been un ...
Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree
... In contrast, endophytes associated with healthy leaves of woody angiosperms are poorly known, despite their presence in aerial tissues of all trees and shrubs sampled thus far (9, 10, 21). Unlike the clavicipitaceous endophytes of grasses, endophytes associated with foliage of woody plants appear to ...
... In contrast, endophytes associated with healthy leaves of woody angiosperms are poorly known, despite their presence in aerial tissues of all trees and shrubs sampled thus far (9, 10, 21). Unlike the clavicipitaceous endophytes of grasses, endophytes associated with foliage of woody plants appear to ...
Significance of Plankton Community Structure and Nutrient
... wide range of marine dinoflagellates [10]. The life-cycle of these parasites is characterized by an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates wit ...
... wide range of marine dinoflagellates [10]. The life-cycle of these parasites is characterized by an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates wit ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.