(2013) Defensive posture and eyespots deter avian predators from
... selected along a linear transect (w10 m apart), and to each tree a single artificial prey was pinned on the upper side of a live branch in the north, south, east and west zone of a tree. Trees were restricted to one of four species (Populus tremuloides, Populus deltoides, Betula papyrifera, Acer rubr ...
... selected along a linear transect (w10 m apart), and to each tree a single artificial prey was pinned on the upper side of a live branch in the north, south, east and west zone of a tree. Trees were restricted to one of four species (Populus tremuloides, Populus deltoides, Betula papyrifera, Acer rubr ...
1 DOSSIER ON DIATRAEA SPECIES AS PESTS OF SUGARCANE
... Face rounded, without a tubercle or corneous point ...................................................................... 3 Face more or less conical, with a tubercle or corneous point ......................................................... 6 Small species with alar expanse up to 23 mm; in forewin ...
... Face rounded, without a tubercle or corneous point ...................................................................... 3 Face more or less conical, with a tubercle or corneous point ......................................................... 6 Small species with alar expanse up to 23 mm; in forewin ...
Plant-mediated interactions in herbivorous insects: mechanisms
... plants (Conn 1979), the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to form thiocyanates in crucifers (Chew 1988), and the conversion of phenolic glycosides to more active feeding deterrents such as salicin in poplars (Clausen et al. 1989). In the “activated” class of allelochemicals are proteinase inhibitors and ...
... plants (Conn 1979), the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to form thiocyanates in crucifers (Chew 1988), and the conversion of phenolic glycosides to more active feeding deterrents such as salicin in poplars (Clausen et al. 1989). In the “activated” class of allelochemicals are proteinase inhibitors and ...
Dynamics of the aphid-ant mutualism
... division in their grandmother, thereby shortening the generation time (Blackman 1981, Kindlmann & Dixon 1989). In such ‘telescopic’ reproduction (Fig. 2), several generations coexist in one aphid female (Dixon 1985, Dixon 1998) and within the first day of adulthood the parthenogenetic female is able ...
... division in their grandmother, thereby shortening the generation time (Blackman 1981, Kindlmann & Dixon 1989). In such ‘telescopic’ reproduction (Fig. 2), several generations coexist in one aphid female (Dixon 1985, Dixon 1998) and within the first day of adulthood the parthenogenetic female is able ...
Significance of Plankton Community Structure and Nutrient
... wide range of marine dinoflagellates [10]. The life-cycle of these parasites is characterized by an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates wit ...
... wide range of marine dinoflagellates [10]. The life-cycle of these parasites is characterized by an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates wit ...
Gilbert, John J., and Thomas Schröder. Rotifers from diapausing
... Female type—Stem females from fertilized eggs typically are amictic, even though their mictic mothers obviously developed under environmental conditions that induced the mictic-female phenotype. Indeed, it has been considered a rule of the rotifer life cycle that fertilized eggs hatch into amictic f ...
... Female type—Stem females from fertilized eggs typically are amictic, even though their mictic mothers obviously developed under environmental conditions that induced the mictic-female phenotype. Indeed, it has been considered a rule of the rotifer life cycle that fertilized eggs hatch into amictic f ...
SCHOOL OF ANTS AUSTRALIA
... The ways in which ants defend themselves is one of their fascinations. Most bite, and others also sting. The formicine ants use an acidopore (a round nozzle at the tip of their abdomen) to spray formic acid. Others such as bulldog ants have a stinger at the tip of their abdomen through which they in ...
... The ways in which ants defend themselves is one of their fascinations. Most bite, and others also sting. The formicine ants use an acidopore (a round nozzle at the tip of their abdomen) to spray formic acid. Others such as bulldog ants have a stinger at the tip of their abdomen through which they in ...
ecology of phasmids (phasmatodea) in a moist neotropical forest
... Figure 3-3: Model of discrete stepwise population growth of M. diocles .............................................. 39 Figure 4-1: Comparison of paired dual-choice preference tests of M. diocles adult females................. 51 Figure 4-2: Relative leaf toughness of 15 selected M. diocles food pl ...
... Figure 3-3: Model of discrete stepwise population growth of M. diocles .............................................. 39 Figure 4-1: Comparison of paired dual-choice preference tests of M. diocles adult females................. 51 Figure 4-2: Relative leaf toughness of 15 selected M. diocles food pl ...
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... metazoan parasites in apparently healthy R. aurora populations and possible influences such parasites might have on larval health and population stability. The tadpole life-stage of frogs is vulnerable to a number of specific diseases caused by infectious microorganisms and metazoan parasites (Green ...
... metazoan parasites in apparently healthy R. aurora populations and possible influences such parasites might have on larval health and population stability. The tadpole life-stage of frogs is vulnerable to a number of specific diseases caused by infectious microorganisms and metazoan parasites (Green ...
Plant organ abscission and the green island effect caused
... detected in the galls as entomopathogens, yet their virulence remains to be demonstrated, (d) unknown death: when the cause of death could not be identified. The final category (e) was survival: when we found healthy larva, pupae or emergence hole of the galling insect (see Fernandes and Price 1992 ...
... detected in the galls as entomopathogens, yet their virulence remains to be demonstrated, (d) unknown death: when the cause of death could not be identified. The final category (e) was survival: when we found healthy larva, pupae or emergence hole of the galling insect (see Fernandes and Price 1992 ...
Disruption of Cotton Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)—Natural Enemy
... 1993, Hardee et al. 1994, Dreistadt and Flint 1996). Thus, any factor interfering with the control of cotton aphids by predators, parasitoids, or other biological control agents has the potential to cause economic harm. Red imported Þre ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), are an invasive species nativ ...
... 1993, Hardee et al. 1994, Dreistadt and Flint 1996). Thus, any factor interfering with the control of cotton aphids by predators, parasitoids, or other biological control agents has the potential to cause economic harm. Red imported Þre ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), are an invasive species nativ ...
Amoeba Provide Insight into the Origin of Virulence Chapter 1
... hosts and the environment. Humans are born sterile but are then rapidly infected with a large number of microbes that eventually becomes the commensal or host-associated microbiota. In this regard, Candida albicans is often acquired from the maternal flora and dermatophytes are probably acquired fro ...
... hosts and the environment. Humans are born sterile but are then rapidly infected with a large number of microbes that eventually becomes the commensal or host-associated microbiota. In this regard, Candida albicans is often acquired from the maternal flora and dermatophytes are probably acquired fro ...
Diet selection exhibited by juvenile and adult lifestages of the
... economically important plant bugs on many crops worldwide. However, these omnivores are also facultative predators on a wide variety of insects. This study was conducted to quantify and compare herbivory and carnivory exhibited among different lifestages of these two insect pests. The feeding activi ...
... economically important plant bugs on many crops worldwide. However, these omnivores are also facultative predators on a wide variety of insects. This study was conducted to quantify and compare herbivory and carnivory exhibited among different lifestages of these two insect pests. The feeding activi ...
Meeting Content Message from the Division Slide 1 Title
... • They are easily distributed naturally and by people. • Caterpillars have a wide host range – oaks are their favorite. • Gypsy moth is not native to the United States. • Only a few of its natural enemies have become established in the United States. • Populations increase quickly. Each female lays ...
... • They are easily distributed naturally and by people. • Caterpillars have a wide host range – oaks are their favorite. • Gypsy moth is not native to the United States. • Only a few of its natural enemies have become established in the United States. • Populations increase quickly. Each female lays ...
Potential for Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control:
... control of pests in agroecosystems. Pest managers strive to achieve a trophic cascade whereby natural-enemy effects permeate down through the food web to suppress host herbivores and increase crop production. Although trophic cascades have been studied in diverse aboveground arthropod-based systems, ...
... control of pests in agroecosystems. Pest managers strive to achieve a trophic cascade whereby natural-enemy effects permeate down through the food web to suppress host herbivores and increase crop production. Although trophic cascades have been studied in diverse aboveground arthropod-based systems, ...
Host-Pathogen Interactions: The Attributes of Virulence
... Toxicity. The view that virulence depended on the elaboration of poisonous substances from microbes was common in the early 20th century [10–12]. Kolmer [8] proposed that the term “toxicity” applied to the type and amount of poison or toxin produced; he further proposed that soluble poisons could be ...
... Toxicity. The view that virulence depended on the elaboration of poisonous substances from microbes was common in the early 20th century [10–12]. Kolmer [8] proposed that the term “toxicity” applied to the type and amount of poison or toxin produced; he further proposed that soluble poisons could be ...
Fragoso 2005 Trophic strucure tropics
... These bruchid beetles specialize on Attalea seeds, although they are not confined to the genus (Delobelle et al. 1995; Silvius 1999). They appear to be the dominant representatives of the herbivorous trophic level supported directly by Attalea fruits and seeds (Fragoso 1997a; Fragoso et al. 2003; Si ...
... These bruchid beetles specialize on Attalea seeds, although they are not confined to the genus (Delobelle et al. 1995; Silvius 1999). They appear to be the dominant representatives of the herbivorous trophic level supported directly by Attalea fruits and seeds (Fragoso 1997a; Fragoso et al. 2003; Si ...
Gene flow reverses an adaptive cline in a coevolving host
... adaptation of T7 to its host in the experiments described here were designed to allow us to distinguish between the relative effects of the productivity gradient and gene flow on clines in infectivity (see “Adaptation Assays”). Chemostats were sampled every 48 h. Five mL were removed from each chemo ...
... adaptation of T7 to its host in the experiments described here were designed to allow us to distinguish between the relative effects of the productivity gradient and gene flow on clines in infectivity (see “Adaptation Assays”). Chemostats were sampled every 48 h. Five mL were removed from each chemo ...
mesquite seeds, bruchid beetles, and
... theory that has been developed by Feeny (1976), Rhoades and Cates (1976), and Rhoades (1979) predicts that plants should be protected by chemicals that either make the entire plant (or parts of the plant that are most important) inedible or difficult and expensive to digest. b~ ...
... theory that has been developed by Feeny (1976), Rhoades and Cates (1976), and Rhoades (1979) predicts that plants should be protected by chemicals that either make the entire plant (or parts of the plant that are most important) inedible or difficult and expensive to digest. b~ ...
Interspecific Interactions in Phytophagous Insects: Competition
... We limit our treatment of phytophagous insects to those feeding on the living tissues of vascular plants. Thus, insects feeding on rotting fruits or dead wood are not considered. From the remaining literature, we extracted 193 pair-wise interspecific interactions that provided infonnation on competi ...
... We limit our treatment of phytophagous insects to those feeding on the living tissues of vascular plants. Thus, insects feeding on rotting fruits or dead wood are not considered. From the remaining literature, we extracted 193 pair-wise interspecific interactions that provided infonnation on competi ...
Leaf ties as colonization sites for forest arthropods
... destination (Holmes & Schultz, 1988). Even for individuals that arrive at a suitable plant via oviposition, encounters with natural enemies or physical disturbance may often cause them to fly, drop off, or spin down on a silk thread to a new plant (Gross, 1993). Thus, understanding the factors that ...
... destination (Holmes & Schultz, 1988). Even for individuals that arrive at a suitable plant via oviposition, encounters with natural enemies or physical disturbance may often cause them to fly, drop off, or spin down on a silk thread to a new plant (Gross, 1993). Thus, understanding the factors that ...
Spiders in vineyards: pests, biters, and IPM agents
... pests. The impact of a spider species on vineyard pests depends on its diet, its abundance, and a seasonal history which may or may not coincide with that of the pests. Spiders are usually the most abundant group of large predators in vineyards, typically more than 95%, excluding predators of mites[ ...
... pests. The impact of a spider species on vineyard pests depends on its diet, its abundance, and a seasonal history which may or may not coincide with that of the pests. Spiders are usually the most abundant group of large predators in vineyards, typically more than 95%, excluding predators of mites[ ...
Article - College of Science
... predators (Pasteels et al. 1986; Rank et al. 1996; Müller et al. 2006). By using highperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we investigated whether (1) viceroy butterflies sequester nonvolatile defensive phenolic glycosides from ...
... predators (Pasteels et al. 1986; Rank et al. 1996; Müller et al. 2006). By using highperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we investigated whether (1) viceroy butterflies sequester nonvolatile defensive phenolic glycosides from ...
Wing-shaking and wing-patch as nestling begging strategies: their
... et al. 2005; italics added). Tanaka et al. (2005) supported the hypothesis that these wing-patches simulate extra gapes with three lines of evidence: the frequency of the wing-patch display increased with increasing intervals between feedings (i.e. a surrogate measure of nestling hunger); experiment ...
... et al. 2005; italics added). Tanaka et al. (2005) supported the hypothesis that these wing-patches simulate extra gapes with three lines of evidence: the frequency of the wing-patch display increased with increasing intervals between feedings (i.e. a surrogate measure of nestling hunger); experiment ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.