Download LEVELS of ORGANIZATION

2.1 PRINCIPLES of ECOLOGY
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
-difference between biotic & abiotic factors
-levels of biological organization
-difference btwn an organism’s habitat & niche
MAIN IDEA
-biotic & abiotic factors work together in an ecosystem
ADD under MAIN IDEA
DEFINE: species:
-group organisms
-reproduce
THE BIOSPHERE
-Organisms depend on living & non-living factors in their environment
BIOTIC:
-anything that is / or was alive in the environment
-EX: plants, animals, insects, mold, fungus
ABIOTIC:
-non-living factors in environment
-EX: sunlight, water, temperature, soil type, rocks, minerals,
wind, pH, salinity
-organisms adapt to abiotic factors in their natural
environments
-A change in these factors could cause an unhealthy
environment & possibly result in death
THE BIOSPHERE
-SEQUENCE the abiotic and biotic factors.
A
A
A
B
B
B
LEVELS of ORGANIZATION
LIST biological levels of org from LARGEST (bottom) to SMALLEST (top)
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biome
biosphere
LEVELS of ORGANIZATION
IDENTIFY: each level of organization that is described
-organism:
-an individual living thing made of cells
(ex: fish)
-population:
group of organisms of same species/same place/ same time
(ex: school of same species fish)
-biological community:
-interacting populations of all species in same place at same time
(ex: different type fish, marine plants)
LEVELS of ORGANIZATION
-ecosystem:
-all different populations in a community and the abiotic factors
that make it function
(community & abiotic factors)
-Biome:
-large group of organisms that share same climate and have similar
types of communities
(ex: coral reefs off FL Keys)
-Biosphere:
-portion of earth that supports life
-“ball of life”
-analogy--the peel of an orange
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTIONS
HABITAT:
-An area where the organism lives
NICHE:
role an organism has in its environment-how the species
meets its specific needs for [sustaining life]
-SUSTAIN LIFE
-food, shelter, water
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTIONS
MODEL a community with several organisms.
Show 2 organisms occupying the same niche.
EXPLAIN why those 2 organisms cannot usually
occupy the same niche for long.
-two organisms cannot occupy the same niche for long
-compete for same resources
-one species will out compete the other
COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
Competition:
-2 organisms need the same resource
• Basic needs
–food/water/ shelter/etc
–Strong survive / weak die
Predation:
- +/- 1 organism consumes another organism
• predator/prey
 COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
++ (both benefit)
+- (1 benefits/1 hurt)
competition
+o (1 benefits/1 unaffected)
predation
2 organisms / SAME resource
-basic needs[food/shelt/water]
symbiosis
act of 1 organisms consuming
another
predatorprey
-relationship between 2> different species that live
together in direct contact
commensalism
+/O
mutualism
+/+
parasitism
+/-
COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
Mutualism (+ / +)
• both species benefit
EX: crocidile/plover flies (teeth cleaned/food)
Commensalism (+ / O)
• one organism is helped while the other is
unaffected, neither helped nor harmed
EX: remora”sucker fish”/shark
Parasitism (+ / -)
• one organism benefits, the other is harmed
EX: misquito/human, ticks, fleas, intestinal worms
 COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
CREATE a journal entry
CHOOSE 1 plant or animal
IDENITFY 3 relationships
 VOCABULARY
MATCH each term with the BEST definition-D
____1-ecology
N
____2-biosphere
E
____3-biotic
factor
A
____4-abiotic
factor
G
____5-population
O
____6-biological
community
H
____7-ecosystem
C
____8-biome
____9-habitat
I
K
____10-niche
 VOCABULARY
MATCH each term with the BEST definition-L
____11-predation
J
____12-symbiosis
B
____13-mutualism
M
____14-commensalism
F
____15-parasitism
 VOCABULARY
A- Nonliving factors in an organisms environment.
ABIOTIC FACTOR
B- The relationship between two or more organism that live closely
together and benefit from each other.
MUTUALISM
C- Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have
similar types of communities.
BIOME
D- Study of organisms and their relationship/interactions with
environment.
ECOLOGY
E- Living factors in an organism’s environment.
BIOTIC FACTOR
 VOCABULARY
F- A relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of
another organism.
PARASITISM
G- Individual organisms of a single species that share same geographic
are at the same time.
POPULATION
H- Biological community and all the abiotic factors that affect it.
ECOSYSTEM
I- Area where an organism lives.
HABITAT
J- The close relationship that exists when two or more species live
together.
SYMBIOSIS
 VOCABULARY
K- A role or position that an organism has in its environment.
NICHE
L- The act of one organism consuming another organism for food.
PREDATION
M- A relationship when one organism benefits and the other is neither
helped or harmed.
COMMENSALISM
N- Portion of Earth that supports life.
BIOSPHERE
O- Interacting populations that occupy same geographic area at the
same time.
BIO COMMUNITY
 HONORS: GOING FURTHER
SUMMARIZE: Bacteria live inside our bodies.
Analyze helpful, neutral, and harmful things that bacteria do
while living in our bodies.
Incorporate the terms parasitism, mutualism, habitat, and niche
in your discussion.
-helpful bacteria use our body as their HABITAT, they
occupy the NICHE and keep harmful bacteria out.
-The helpful bacteria can help us by eating harmful substances:
MUTALISTIC
-Harmful bacteria can act as PARASITES by eating food we
need, causing infections.