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Transcript
Factors Contributing to Biodiversity Biodiversity Why are there more species in some places than others??? Factors which lead to higher biodiversity Heterogeneity of Habitats: Variety of habitats = higher biodiversity Chugach vs. ANWR Isolation from/access to centers of dispersal Islands and tips of peninsulas (Florida/Baja Mexico) have lower levels of biodiversity Species Area Effect Distance from Equator More than 50% of all species are found either in the tropical rainforest or in tropical reefs Species diversity declines as one moves closer to the poles Plant Productivity Raise in Temp = raise in photosynthesis Greater sun intensity = more photosynthesis More rainfall = more growth Lack of seasonality Plant productivity leads to overall biodiversity More food = more animals (well, duh…) Tropics = complex food web. Fruit & flies > greater # of bats/rodents > greater overall # of spp. Farther from equator = simpler food web Grazers and predators get less return on energy expended Fruit = high in energy Grass = low in energy Meat = high energy, but high energy expended Diverse habitat = high biodiversity Structurally complex habitats (more niches) = high biodiversity (rainforests, deserts) Simple habitats (fewer niches) = low biodiversity (grasslands, marshes, tundra)
