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Transcript
Definitions ! Forces and Motion Velocity ! Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, with respect to time. Acceleration ! Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, with respect to time. Scalars ! Scalar quantities have only a magnitude. Vectors ! Vectors, unlike scalars, have both a magnitude and a direction. Weight ! The weight of a body is the force of gravity acting on a body, it is measured in Newton’s (N). Power ! Power is the work done per unit of time. Power (W) = work done time Power (W) = Force x Speed Pressure ! The force being applied per unit area. Pressure (Pa) = Force Area Density ! Density can be defined simply as “mass per unit volume”. Density (Kg/m3) = Mass Volume Stress ! The force being applied per unit area. Stress (Pa) = Force Area Strain ! The strain on an object is the extention against the original length. Young’s Modulus Young’s Modulus, measured in “Pa” (Pascal) is simply: Young’s Modulus = Stress Strain Moments ! A Moment is the product of force and the perpendicular distance from a pivot. Watt ! One watt is one joule of energy transferred per second. Speed ! Speed is the rate of change of distance. Speed = Distance Time The Four Equations of Motion ! v = u + at v = u² + 2as S = (u+v)t 2 S = ut + ½ at² Potential Energy ! Potential energy = Mgh (J) Kinetic Energy ! Kinetic Energy = ½Mv² (J) Work Done ! Work Done = Force X Distance Moved (J) Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Law Of Inertia Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. Force = Mass x Acceleration The relationship between an object's mass (m), its acceleration (a), and the applied force (f) is “F = ma”. Acceleration and force are vectors. In this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector. For every action, there is an equal reaction (e.g. Stepping off a boat onto the shore/dock causes the boat to drift back in the opposite direction. Thus leaving the person in the water, IF they are not careful!)