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Impulse, Momentum and Conservation of Momentum Newton Again! Newton observed objects colliding and realized that two things dictate what it takes to change the motion of an object. Mass (how much matter) Velocity (how fast it’s going in a given direction) He Called This Momentum p= . mv Large Mass The more mass you have, the more momentum you will have at a given speed. Homer Has Momentum The faster Homer moves, the more momentum he has for his constant mass. Conservation of Momentum Let’s look at what happens to momentum before, during and after a collision/explosion. Before collision M=2000 kg, v = 5 m/s After collision The system has the same total momentum. M = 500 kg, v = 0 Impulse “J” By rewriting his own 2nd law, Newton defined impulse F= m . a =m . v t F . t = m . Δv J = F . t= mΔv = Δp =change in momentum So Force . time=ΔMomentum Lets say Mini-me was trying to stop Dr. Evil from running at him. Mimi-mi’s relatively small force on Dr. Evil would have to be exerted over a long period of time to change the momentum of Dr. Evil. So the safest way to stop an object is to stretch out the time it takes to stop things so you could use the smallest possible force. That’s why if something is cushioned and soft it is less likely to break. Momentum is Conserved TZ student defend school with potato Conservation of Momentum Newton’s Third Law: The potato goes one way and the gun “recoils” in the opposite direction. The gun exerts a force on the potato and the potato exerts an equal but opposite force on the gun, recoil. pGun/Girl = pPotato These forces produce equal but opposite changes in momentum. Since the girl is “attached” to the gun, the combination of the girl /gun mass is much greater than the mass of the potato. The girl and the gun recoil at a velocity much smaller than the potato. If pGun&Person = pPotato Then Mgun/person. vpotato vgun/person=mpotatoe. If the mass on the left of the equation is large compared to the right, then the velocity on the right must be large compared to the left if they are to be equal. Action/Reaction Conservation of momentum is just a consequence of Newton’s third Law